{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199745142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","title":"Codebook-Based Hybrid Beamforming Using Combined Phase Shifters of High and Low Resolutions","display_name":"Codebook-Based Hybrid Beamforming Using Combined Phase Shifters of High and Low Resolutions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199745142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","mag":"3199745142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021596252","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-8741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016793245","display_name":"Fu\u2010Chun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu-Chun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3184-3054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103940741","display_name":"Hongguang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongguang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064534354","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041633622","display_name":"Ka-Cheong Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-2572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ka-Cheong Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7999-2572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63423631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"12","first_page":"2683","last_page":"2687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9452385902404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7827829718589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6676462292671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5758819580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4824276864528656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47349295020103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3515945374965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26044970750808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21860438585281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2137717306613922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07060638070106506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9452385902404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7827829718589783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6676462292671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5758819580078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4824276864528656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47349295020103455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3515945374965668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26044970750808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21860438585281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2137717306613922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07060638070106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3112155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2270735382","https://openalex.org/W2410099853","https://openalex.org/W2561296078","https://openalex.org/W2737688805","https://openalex.org/W2887078280","https://openalex.org/W2890776330","https://openalex.org/W2964045328","https://openalex.org/W3023239771","https://openalex.org/W3083569984","https://openalex.org/W3112240708","https://openalex.org/W3138163485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207918248","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2506626932","https://openalex.org/W2037755532","https://openalex.org/W2620095399","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W2006021297","https://openalex.org/W4288602396","https://openalex.org/W2914555611","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,108],"hybrid":[1],"beamforming":[2,30,44],"architecture":[3,89],"where":[4,90],"a":[5,36,74,84,133],"combination":[6],"of":[7,51],"analog":[8,66],"and":[9,26,76,138,147],"digital":[10],"precoders":[11],"is":[12,32,94,118],"employed":[13],"has":[14],"attracted":[15],"much":[16],"attention":[17],"recently":[18,149],"for":[19,113,121],"its":[20],"flexible":[21],"trade-off":[22,135],"between":[23,136],"power":[24],"consumption":[25],"performance.":[27],"A":[28],"codebook-based":[29],"scheme":[31,131],"generally":[33],"considered":[34],"as":[35],"more":[37],"practical":[38],"solution":[39],"rather":[40],"than":[41],"the":[42,48,54,60,65,70,122,129,148],"adaptive":[43],"schemes":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,96,105],"large":[49],"number":[50],"antennas.":[52],"However,":[53],"constant":[55],"amplitude":[56],"constraint":[57],"brought":[58],"by":[59],"phase":[61],"shifters":[62],"(PSs)":[63],"in":[64,100],"precoder":[67],"always":[68],"makes":[69],"codebook":[71,110],"design":[72,111],"problem":[73],"tricky":[75],"complicated":[77],"one.":[78],"In":[79],"this":[80],"work,":[81],"we":[82],"consider":[83],"novel":[85],"combined":[86],"PS":[87,93,145,152],"(CPS)":[88],"one":[91],"high-resolution":[92],"connected":[95],"each":[97,106],"RF":[98],"chain":[99],"parallel":[101],"with":[102,142],"low-resolution":[103],"PSs":[104],"antenna.":[107],"corresponding":[109],"aiming":[112],"ideal":[114],"flat":[115],"beam":[116],"gains":[117],"then":[119],"proposed":[120,130,150],"CPS":[123],"architecture.":[124,154],"Simulation":[125],"results":[126],"reveal":[127],"that":[128],"achieves":[132],"good":[134],"performance":[137],"energy":[139],"efficiency":[140],"compared":[141],"conventional":[143],"single":[144],"(SPS)":[146],"double":[151],"(DPS)":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
