{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195644027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","title":"User Grouping and Reflective Beamforming for IRS-Aided URLLC","display_name":"User Grouping and Reflective Beamforming for IRS-Aided URLLC","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195644027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","mag":"3195644027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107086/1/Liu_User_Grouping_Reflective.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088810008","display_name":"Hailiang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailiang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Network of Intelligence Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9081-4790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Network of Intelligence Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008162410","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Network of Intelligence Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-8839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Network of Intelligence Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020753840","display_name":"Ya\u2010Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120485","display_name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkmyk67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120485"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120485","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004292048","display_name":"Liang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-9609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-9609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006080984","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2289,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94910603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"11","first_page":"2533","last_page":"2537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.837834894657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8166720867156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6680079698562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6267756223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Time division multiple access","score":0.596916675567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5393325090408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user","display_name":"Multi-user","score":0.481119304895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4665607810020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4536449909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.44917744398117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.426870733499527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2578471899032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1266549527645111}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.837834894657135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8166720867156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6680079698562622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6267756223678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.596916675567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5393325090408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876057","display_name":"Multi-user","level":2,"score":0.481119304895401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4665607810020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4536449909210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.44917744398117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.426870733499527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2578471899032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1266549527645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3106548","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/107086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/107086","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107086/1/Liu_User_Grouping_Reflective.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/107086","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/107086","pdf_url":"http://ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk/bitstream/10397/107086/1/Liu_User_Grouping_Reflective.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3553588891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12021001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4292439307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0030001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","funder_display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4811745767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4827837223","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f9b\u80fd\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871137","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5765647807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1800800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5919707873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018B030338001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336405","funder_display_name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5952740038","display_name":"Drone-based Communications for High-speed Beyond 5G Wireless Systems","funder_award_id":"DP210102169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6967058303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11688101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322598","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336405","display_name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key areas of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3195644027.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147998453","https://openalex.org/W1503221585","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2262889796","https://openalex.org/W2776794349","https://openalex.org/W2887516356","https://openalex.org/W2962756362","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2983908431","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3046982562","https://openalex.org/W3090167083","https://openalex.org/W3096513223","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W3158131132","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W6668990524","https://openalex.org/W6784086157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W2133227934","https://openalex.org/W4223416141","https://openalex.org/W2105999282","https://openalex.org/W1922070205","https://openalex.org/W2136902318","https://openalex.org/W2491042870","https://openalex.org/W2153859611","https://openalex.org/W4283829049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"studies":[2],"an":[3,17],"intelligent":[4],"reflecting":[5],"surface":[6],"(IRS)-aided":[7],"downlink":[8],"ultra-reliable":[9],"and":[10,48,97,125,140,152,181,191],"low-latency":[11],"communication":[12,166],"(URLLC)":[13],"system,":[14],"in":[15,53,121],"which":[16,122,174],"IRS":[18],"is":[19,76,148],"dedicatedly":[20],"deployed":[21],"to":[22,28,33,77,86,170],"assist":[23],"a":[24,59],"base":[25],"station":[26],"(BS)":[27],"send":[29],"individual":[30,88],"short-packet":[31],"messages":[32,50],"multiple":[34,67],"users.":[35],"To":[36],"enhance":[37],"the":[38,41,49,64,79,94,101,105,109,113,118,123,126,133,145,159,165,176,187,193],"URLLC":[39],"performance,":[40],"users":[42,52,84],"are":[43,56,129],"divided":[44],"into":[45,58],"different":[46,72],"groups":[47],"for":[51,82,185],"each":[54],"group":[55],"encoded":[57],"single":[60],"codeword.":[61],"By":[62],"considering":[63],"time":[65],"division":[66],"access":[68],"(TDMA)":[69],"protocol":[70],"among":[71],"groups,":[73],"our":[74],"objective":[75],"minimize":[78],"total":[80],"latency":[81,114],"all":[83],"subject":[85],"their":[87],"reliability":[89],"requirements,":[90],"via":[91,117],"jointly":[92],"optimizing":[93],"user":[95,146,179,195],"grouping":[96,147,180],"blocklength":[98],"allocation":[99],"at":[100,108],"BS":[102],"together":[103],"with":[104],"reflective":[106,127,182],"beamforming":[107,128,183],"IRS.":[110],"We":[111],"solve":[112],"minimization":[115],"problem":[116],"alternating":[119],"optimization,":[120],"blocklengths":[124],"optimized":[130],"by":[131,150],"using":[132],"techniques":[134],"of":[135,178],"successive":[136],"convex":[137],"approximation":[138],"(SCA)":[139],"semi-definite":[141],"relaxation":[142],"(SDR),":[143],"while":[144],"updated":[149],"K-means":[151],"greedy-based":[153],"methods.":[154],"Numerical":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"proposed":[160],"designs":[161],"can":[162],"significantly":[163],"reduce":[164],"latency,":[167],"as":[168],"compared":[169],"various":[171],"benchmark":[172],"schemes,":[173],"unveil":[175],"importance":[177],"optimization":[184],"exploiting":[186],"joint":[188],"encoding":[189],"gain":[190],"enhancing":[192],"worst-case":[194],"performance.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
