{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185655079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","title":"Energy Efficiency Maximization for IRS-Aided WPCNs","display_name":"Energy Efficiency Maximization for IRS-Aided WPCNs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185655079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","mag":"3185655079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044094108","display_name":"Mi Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-9035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12393601","display_name":"Huaihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn6xq74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Mi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling\u2013Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Huaihua University, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling\u2013Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Huaihua University, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721850","display_name":"Qingheng Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3981-0126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12393601","display_name":"Huaihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zn6xq74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling\u2013Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, China","School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Huaihua University, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Wuling\u2013Mountain Ecological Agriculture in Hunan Province, Huaihua, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Huaihua University, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044094108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12393601"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8443557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"10","first_page":"2304","last_page":"2308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7712706327438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6350619792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6073213815689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5632592439651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5567227602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5474349856376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5374183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-programming","display_name":"Fractional programming","score":0.534744918346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5039753317832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.5039481520652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4929075241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4850262999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4728672206401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4589264690876007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43207696080207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.3817538022994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.23360779881477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22254598140716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19599473476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1691620647907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.14826539158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.13725590705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11910709738731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10665205121040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10237324237823486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7712706327438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6350619792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6073213815689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5632592439651489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5567227602005005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5474349856376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5374183654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169069869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477546","display_name":"Fractional programming","level":4,"score":0.534744918346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5039753317832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.5039481520652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4929075241088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4850262999534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4728672206401825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4589264690876007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43207696080207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.3817538022994995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.23360779881477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22254598140716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19599473476409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1691620647907257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.14826539158821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.13725590705871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11910709738731384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10665205121040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10237324237823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3100329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6281479603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19B456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6726535798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62061017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7101238564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20A394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311213","display_name":"Education Department of Hunan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05ckg3w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966000877","https://openalex.org/W1981044874","https://openalex.org/W2091502075","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2964129085","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3007170290","https://openalex.org/W3036432223","https://openalex.org/W3038534820","https://openalex.org/W3107731108","https://openalex.org/W3114917120","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3136570133","https://openalex.org/W3139437915","https://openalex.org/W3154816389","https://openalex.org/W3156456874","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297776116","https://openalex.org/W3164284189","https://openalex.org/W2163043527","https://openalex.org/W2611631300","https://openalex.org/W2100607072","https://openalex.org/W2083000360","https://openalex.org/W1983237045","https://openalex.org/W1735229475","https://openalex.org/W2090622761","https://openalex.org/W129790892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"is":[4,32,56,153,160,171,178,203,217],"a":[5,23,154,175,186],"revolutionary":[6],"technology":[7],"for":[8,35,145],"achieving":[9],"spectral-":[10],"and":[11,76,103,132,185,197],"energy-efficient":[12],"wireless":[13,41],"networks.":[14],"By":[15,95],"adjusting":[16],"the":[17,21,37,54,60,65,69,73,79,83,87,92,99,111,123,125,128,133,140,146,149,182,191,207,215,221,226],"phase":[18,120,208],"shifts":[19,121],"at":[20,122,127],"IRS,":[22,124],"high":[24],"passive":[25],"beamforming":[26],"gain":[27],"can":[28],"be":[29],"achieved,":[30],"which":[31,159],"particularly":[33],"appealing":[34],"improving":[36,220],"spectral":[38],"efficiency":[39,113],"of":[40,115,136,193,219],"powered":[42],"communication":[43],"networks":[44],"(WPCNs).":[45],"Inspired":[46],"by":[47,117],"this,":[48],"we":[49,107],"study":[50],"IRS-aided":[51],"WPCNs,":[52],"where":[53],"IRS":[55,216],"leveraged":[57],"to":[58,68,86,109,180,205,225],"help":[59,78],"energy":[61,66,101,112],"transmitter":[62],"(ET)":[63],"broadcast":[64],"signals":[67,85],"distributed":[70,80],"devices":[71,81,137],"in":[72,91],"downlink":[74],"(DL),":[75],"meanwhile":[77],"forward":[82],"information":[84,88],"receiver":[89],"(IR)":[90],"uplink":[93],"(UL).":[94],"taking":[96],"account":[97],"into":[98],"system":[100,105,222],"consumption":[102],"achievable":[104,142],"throughput,":[106],"aim":[108],"maximize":[110],"(EE)":[114],"WPCNs":[116],"jointly":[118],"optimizing":[119],"beamformer":[126],"ET,":[129],"time":[130],"allocation,":[131,184],"transmit":[134],"power":[135],"while":[138],"guaranteeing":[139],"minimum":[141],"rate":[143],"requirements":[144],"devices.":[147],"Since":[148],"formulated":[150],"optimization":[151,168],"problem":[152],"nonlinear":[155],"fractional":[156],"programming":[157,196],"problem,":[158],"non-convex.":[161],"To":[162],"tackle":[163],"this":[164],"difficulty,":[165],"an":[166],"alternating":[167],"(AO)":[169],"algorithm":[170,177,188],"proposed.":[172],"In":[173],"particular,":[174],"Dinkelbach-based":[176],"proposed":[179,204],"optimize":[181],"resource":[183],"penalty-based":[187],"based":[189],"on":[190],"difference":[192],"convex":[194,199],"(DC)":[195],"successive":[198],"approximation":[200],"(SCA)":[201],"techniques":[202],"solve":[206],"shift":[209],"optimization.":[210],"Simulation":[211],"results":[212],"unveil":[213],"that":[214],"capable":[218],"EE":[223],"compared":[224],"benchmarks.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}