{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169155836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","title":"Fine-Grained Analysis on Downlink LEO Satellite-Terrestrial mmWave Relay Networks","display_name":"Fine-Grained Analysis on Downlink LEO Satellite-Terrestrial mmWave Relay Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169155836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","mag":"3169155836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393787","display_name":"Hongxin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-7975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100439698","display_name":"Cheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-4207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-4207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090581248","display_name":"Rui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8502-4359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045457613","display_name":"L\u00fcxi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-1806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luxi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-1806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, and the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Communications Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2886,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98547916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"1871","last_page":"1875"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.71879643201828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.7071744799613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.7027058005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6071321368217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6029685139656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.5880553722381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-point-process","display_name":"Poisson point process","score":0.5204070806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4705033004283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.4446297883987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.415809690952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3860568702220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3106421232223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2574930787086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19055816531181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1772923767566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.15680530667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.0899060070514679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.71879643201828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.7071744799613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.7027058005332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6071321368217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6029685139656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.5880553722381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16757284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145117","display_name":"Poisson point process","level":3,"score":0.5204070806503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4705033004283905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.4446297883987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.415809690952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3860568702220917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3106421232223511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2574930787086487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19055816531181335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1772923767566681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.15680530667304993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0899060070514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4152119378","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G561333141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20190337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G584858438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6080638258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019J01055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1640283668","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2032504554","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2152121970","https://openalex.org/W2588137119","https://openalex.org/W2736208033","https://openalex.org/W2801016678","https://openalex.org/W2910220322","https://openalex.org/W2912406224","https://openalex.org/W2936517331","https://openalex.org/W2954910960","https://openalex.org/W3004986111","https://openalex.org/W3006541201","https://openalex.org/W3023458242","https://openalex.org/W3032997102","https://openalex.org/W3039539730","https://openalex.org/W3084247589","https://openalex.org/W3113221786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056605887","https://openalex.org/W2023833916","https://openalex.org/W2275459886","https://openalex.org/W2963230071","https://openalex.org/W2963076731","https://openalex.org/W2342335616","https://openalex.org/W1607049962","https://openalex.org/W2249083530","https://openalex.org/W2604524836","https://openalex.org/W1674302630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,16,26,31,39,49,52,68,90,100,109,124,129],"downlink":[4],"integrated":[5],"low":[6],"earth":[7],"orbit":[8],"(LEO)":[9],"satellite-terrestrial":[10],"millimeter-wave":[11],"decode-and-forward":[12],"relay":[13],"network,":[14],"where":[15],"satellite":[17],"and":[18,33,86,112],"terrestrial":[19],"relays":[20],"locate":[21],"in":[22,34],"uniform":[23],"distribution":[24,54,103],"over":[25,38],"spherical":[27],"cap":[28],"surface":[29],"of":[30,56,73,89,99,106],"LEO":[32],"Poisson":[35],"point":[36],"process":[37],"ground,":[40],"respectively.":[41,118],"In":[42,119],"order":[43],"to":[44,78,137],"obtain":[45],"fine-grained":[46],"information":[47],"on":[48],"coverage":[50],"performance,":[51],"meta":[53],"(MD)":[55],"signal-to-interference-to-noise":[57],"ratio":[58],"(SINR)":[59],"is":[60],"adopted":[61],"for":[62,108],"network":[63],"performance":[64],"evaluation,":[65],"which":[66],"provides":[67],"probability":[69],"that":[70],"certain":[71],"percentage":[72],"satellite-relays-user":[74],"links":[75],"are":[76,115,135],"able":[77],"reach":[79],"a":[80],"target":[81],"SINR":[82,107],"threshold.":[83],"The":[84],"closed-form":[85],"analytical":[87,125,140],"expression":[88,127],"<inline-formula":[91],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[92],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[93],"<tex-math":[94],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${b}$":[95],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[96],"-th":[97],"moments":[98],"complementary":[101],"cumulative":[102],"functions":[104],"(CCDFs)":[105],"satellite-to-relay":[110],"link":[111,114],"relay-to-user":[113],"then":[116],"derived,":[117],"addition,":[120],"we":[121],"further":[122],"give":[123],"MD":[126],"via":[128],"beta":[130],"approximation.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"numerical":[133],"results":[134],"provided":[136],"validate":[138],"our":[139],"results.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-17T09:13:05.818461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
