{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166393976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Secret Key Generation With Discrete Phase Shifts in Static Environment","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Assisted Secret Key Generation With Discrete Phase Shifts in Static Environment","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166393976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","mag":"3166393976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101899030","display_name":"Xiaoyan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4312-9889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026663721","display_name":"Liang Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-6263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-6263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079614008","display_name":"Kaizhi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-3826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaizhi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7084-3826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103089677","display_name":"Xiaoli Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4830-8672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028977056","display_name":"You Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5319-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014489362","display_name":"QU Jing-hua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghua Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Strategic Support Force, PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101899030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97959619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"9","first_page":"1867","last_page":"1870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.7637956738471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7530770897865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7301619052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6326987147331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5716316103935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-shared-key","display_name":"Pre-shared key","score":0.5611016154289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5200688242912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5134378671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.46389034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.43512970209121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4330425560474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3940720856189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.271734356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15887302160263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14559563994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12426909804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07038235664367676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.7637956738471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7530770897865295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7301619052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6326987147331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5716316103935242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50230483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2108226","display_name":"Pre-shared key","level":5,"score":0.5611016154289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5200688242912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5134378671646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.46389034390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.43512970209121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4330425560474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3940720856189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.271734356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15887302160263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14559563994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12426909804344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07038235664367676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3084347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4137032510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61521003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6580939896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143854845","https://openalex.org/W2500883043","https://openalex.org/W2568956448","https://openalex.org/W2801958602","https://openalex.org/W2887346460","https://openalex.org/W2896507689","https://openalex.org/W2968288503","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3007256892","https://openalex.org/W3018119388","https://openalex.org/W3101951322","https://openalex.org/W3131368335","https://openalex.org/W3132465714","https://openalex.org/W3209252509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2607793613","https://openalex.org/W3018690376","https://openalex.org/W3094714434","https://openalex.org/W4321174344","https://openalex.org/W2358235859","https://openalex.org/W4390579387","https://openalex.org/W783558444","https://openalex.org/W2337625268","https://openalex.org/W1987065448","https://openalex.org/W2114712434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"secret":[2,25,46,88,110,117,143],"key":[3,26,47,111,118,144],"generation":[4,48],"is":[5,28],"a":[6,21,44,146],"promising":[7],"candidate":[8],"to":[9,31,85],"achieve":[10],"one-time-pad":[11],"encryption":[12],"approach":[13],"for":[14],"the":[15,24,32,61,66,75,87,92,98,102,106,109,116,122,126,142],"wireless":[16],"communication":[17],"system.":[18],"However,":[19],"in":[20,145],"static":[22,147],"environment,":[23],"rate":[27,119],"low":[29],"due":[30],"lack":[33],"of":[34,77,101,108,125],"channel":[35,69,81,94,103],"time-variation.":[36],"To":[37],"solve":[38],"this":[39,41],"problem,":[40],"letter":[42],"proposes":[43],"novel":[45],"scheme":[49,139],"assisted":[50],"by":[51,70,120],"an":[52],"intelligent":[53],"reflecting":[54],"surface":[55],"with":[56],"discrete":[57],"phase":[58,76],"shifts.":[59],"In":[60],"scheme,":[62],"legitimate":[63],"nodes":[64],"construct":[65],"dynamic":[67],"time-varying":[68],"rapidly":[71],"and":[72,105,132],"randomly":[73],"switching":[74,123],"IRS":[78,93,127],"elements.":[79],"Then,":[80],"coefficients":[82],"are":[83],"used":[84],"generate":[86],"key.":[89],"Based":[90],"on":[91],"model,":[95],"we":[96,114],"derive":[97],"probability":[99],"distribution":[100],"coefficient":[104],"expressions":[107],"rate.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"optimize":[115],"adjusting":[121],"time":[124],"phase.":[128],"Monte":[129],"Carlo":[130],"simulation":[131],"numerical":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"that":[136],"our":[137],"proposed":[138],"can":[140],"update":[141],"environment.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
