{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3149701724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","title":"On the Complexity Reduction of Beam Selection Algorithms for Beamspace MIMO Systems","display_name":"On the Complexity Reduction of Beam Selection Algorithms for Beamspace MIMO Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3149701724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","mag":"3149701724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052563154","display_name":"Qianyun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-4059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianyun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461518","display_name":"Xinwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0713-9366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069318296","display_name":"Bi\u2010Yi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-3839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bi-Yi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Electromagnetic Simulation, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Electromagnetic Simulation, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625462","display_name":"Lei Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-0547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099586","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data","ror":"https://ror.org/00z1gwf89","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Information System, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Information System, Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075109962","display_name":"Yue Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-9910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052563154"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79651892,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":"1439","last_page":"1443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8526597023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6931010484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6443334817886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.6381295323371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5929868221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5211467742919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection-algorithm","display_name":"Selection algorithm","score":0.508955717086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4364003539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2975863814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26396942138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10019418597221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.07940050959587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.06470602750778198}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8526597023010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6931010484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6443334817886353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.6381295323371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5929868221282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5211467742919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775973920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3252726","display_name":"Selection algorithm","level":3,"score":0.508955717086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4364003539085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2975863814353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26396942138671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10019418597221375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.07940050959587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.06470602750778198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3069650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1349650053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2255055504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5397215317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019A1515111140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7172927723","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576690944","https://openalex.org/W1586776267","https://openalex.org/W2027711878","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2139182243","https://openalex.org/W2166268104","https://openalex.org/W2314562768","https://openalex.org/W2793446253","https://openalex.org/W2920199182","https://openalex.org/W2963576099","https://openalex.org/W2983783466","https://openalex.org/W3106282754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W4388520214","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W2161045342","https://openalex.org/W2943002782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beamspace":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(B-MIMO)":[3],"provides":[4],"a":[5,108],"promising":[6],"solution":[7],"for":[8,62,75,86],"reducing":[9],"the":[10,24,52,56,84,87,102],"number":[11],"of":[12,28],"required":[13],"expensive":[14],"radio":[15],"frequency":[16],"(RF)":[17],"chains":[18],"without":[19],"obvious":[20],"performance":[21],"loss.":[22],"However,":[23],"high":[25],"computational":[26],"complexities":[27],"beam":[29,47,60,71,104],"selection":[30,48,61,72,105],"algorithms":[31,106],"prohibits":[32],"their":[33],"practical":[34],"applications":[35],"in":[36,67],"5G":[37],"millimeter":[38],"wave":[39],"(mmWave)":[40],"massive":[41],"MIMO":[42,64],"communication":[43],"systems.":[44],"Reviewing":[45],"existing":[46],"procedures":[49],"and":[50,83,96],"using":[51],"matrix":[53],"perturbation":[54],"theory,":[55],"complexity":[57,111],"reduction":[58],"on":[59],"beamspace":[63],"is":[65],"considered":[66],"this":[68],"letter.":[69],"Two":[70],"algorithms,":[73],"one":[74],"B-MIMO":[76],"systems":[77,88],"with":[78,89],"classic":[79],"zero-forcing":[80],"(ZF)":[81],"precoder":[82,91],"other":[85],"QR":[90],"are":[92],"proposed.":[93],"Theoretical":[94],"analyses":[95],"numerical":[97],"simulations":[98],"all":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101],"proposed":[103],"possess":[107],"much":[109],"lower":[110],"than":[112],"conventional":[113],"ones.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}