{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084806485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","title":"Robust Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter Wave Systems With Closed-Form Least-Square Solutions","display_name":"Robust Hybrid Beamforming in Millimeter Wave Systems With Closed-Form Least-Square Solutions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084806485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","mag":"3084806485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065815971","display_name":"Zhen Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-6369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074788524","display_name":"Lei Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-2012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087997088","display_name":"Hongqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4839-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355455","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1584-1622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065815971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76490423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"156","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8552512526512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6660714149475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6454263925552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5683290362358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4830111265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48111313581466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.47314226627349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.429691344499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4049511253833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.38157981634140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33218497037887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26758143305778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.22770476341247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.061116695404052734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8552512526512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6660714149475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6454263925552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5683290362358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4830111265182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48111313581466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.47314226627349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.429691344499588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4049511253833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.38157981634140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33218497037887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26758143305778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.22770476341247559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.061116695404052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3023851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2626224514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2018jcyjAX0255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321550","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4567671564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6977462393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8379783473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cx2017096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327835","funder_display_name":"Venture and Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G888868140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321550","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321550","display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05w9erc61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327835","display_name":"Venture and Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2541405589","https://openalex.org/W2615403133","https://openalex.org/W2768388424","https://openalex.org/W2806899510","https://openalex.org/W2892148044","https://openalex.org/W2898443462","https://openalex.org/W2901838322","https://openalex.org/W2910875456","https://openalex.org/W2985756765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2161061958","https://openalex.org/W2034991012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robust":[0],"hybrid":[1,35,63,82],"beamforming":[2,36,78,83],"is":[3,21,30,58],"developed":[4],"for":[5,23],"millimeter":[6],"wave":[7],"multiple-input":[8],"multiple-output":[9],"(MIMO)":[10],"systems.":[11],"The":[12],"channel":[13],"state":[14],"information":[15,27],"(CSI)":[16],"with":[17,50,65],"correlated":[18],"estimation":[19],"errors":[20],"used":[22],"averaging":[24],"the":[25,33,48,51,62,76],"mutual":[26],"formulation.":[28],"It":[29],"proved":[31],"that":[32,75],"robust":[34],"scheme":[37,79],"can":[38],"be":[39],"solved":[40],"via":[41],"an":[42],"Euclidean":[43],"distance":[44],"minimization":[45],"problem":[46],"as":[47],"design":[49],"perfect":[52],"CSI":[53],"assumption.":[54],"An":[55],"alternating":[56],"method":[57],"proposed":[59,77],"to":[60],"solve":[61],"processors":[64],"closed-form":[66],"least-square":[67],"solutions":[68],"in":[69],"each":[70],"iteration.":[71],"Simulation":[72],"results":[73],"show":[74],"prevails":[80],"existing":[81],"designs.":[84]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
