{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3082367829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","title":"Robust Design for IRS-Aided Communication Systems With User Location Uncertainty","display_name":"Robust Design for IRS-Aided Communication Systems With User Location Uncertainty","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3082367829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","mag":"3082367829"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoling Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024046434","display_name":"Caijun Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caijun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751311","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85627607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"63","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semidefinite-programming","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","score":0.7926335334777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7572274804115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265546321868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6440836787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6269118785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.5930666923522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.555881917476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.49933838844299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-optimization","display_name":"Robust optimization","score":0.47347939014434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.44449201226234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.42754679918289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37746113538742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2067210078239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.19993743300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.15152710676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1246705949306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11462262272834778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101901036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269096","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","level":2,"score":0.7926335334777832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7572274804115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265546321868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6440836787223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6269118785858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.5930666923522949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.555881917476654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.49933838844299316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193254401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2160088","display_name":"Robust optimization","level":2,"score":0.47347939014434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.44449201226234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.42754679918289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37746113538742065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2067210078239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.19993743300437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.15152710676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1246705949306488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11462262272834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3020850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/665118","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/665118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1561785553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61725104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2730110976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W653761051","https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W2027287418","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2981174761","https://openalex.org/W2981792785","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3002159761","https://openalex.org/W3010838957","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3035088654","https://openalex.org/W3035754542","https://openalex.org/W3081661410","https://openalex.org/W3100218246","https://openalex.org/W3102122595","https://openalex.org/W3102535235","https://openalex.org/W3108070921","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W4288365549","https://openalex.org/W6782197108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3087844490","https://openalex.org/W3090699061","https://openalex.org/W4387546583","https://openalex.org/W2051762234","https://openalex.org/W2131408743","https://openalex.org/W2055634632","https://openalex.org/W4396680560","https://openalex.org/W2389198916","https://openalex.org/W2787827467","https://openalex.org/W4367031485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,70,88,103],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,36,101],"propose":[4],"a":[5,59,106],"robust":[6,119],"design":[7],"framework":[8],"for":[9,61],"IRS-aided":[10],"communication":[11],"systems":[12],"in":[13,78,127,130],"the":[14,23,28,34,40,45,54,79,84,117,123,128,136],"presence":[15],"of":[16,48,86,93,108,132,134],"user":[17,55,64],"location":[18,65,76],"uncertainty.":[19],"By":[20,90],"jointly":[21],"designing":[22],"transmit":[24,41],"beamforming":[25],"vector":[26],"at":[27,33],"BS":[29],"and":[30,97],"phase":[31],"shifts":[32],"IRS,":[35],"aim":[37],"to":[38,44],"minimize":[39],"power":[42],"subject":[43],"worse-case":[46],"quality":[47],"service":[49],"(QoS)":[50],"constraint,":[51],"i.e.,":[52],"ensuring":[53],"rate":[56],"is":[57,72],"above":[58],"threshold":[60],"all":[62],"possible":[63],"error":[66],"realizations.":[67],"With":[68],"unit-modulus,":[69],"problem":[71,104],"not":[73],"convex.":[74],"The":[75],"uncertainty":[77],"QoS":[80,138],"constraint":[81],"further":[82],"increases":[83],"difficulty":[85],"solving":[87],"problem.":[89],"utilizing":[91],"techniques":[92],"Taylor":[94],"expansion,":[95],"S-Procedure":[96],"semidefinite":[98,109],"relaxation":[99],"(SDP),":[100],"transform":[102],"into":[105],"sequence":[107],"programming":[110],"(SDP)":[111],"sub-problems.":[112],"Simulation":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"that":[116],"proposed":[118,126],"algorithm":[120,125],"substantially":[121],"outperforms":[122],"non-robust":[124],"literature,":[129],"terms":[131],"probability":[133],"reaching":[135],"required":[137],"target.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}