{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035437586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","title":"IRS-Based Wireless Jamming Attacks: When Jammers Can Attack Without Power","display_name":"IRS-Based Wireless Jamming Attacks: When Jammers Can Attack Without Power","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035437586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","mag":"3035437586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044630013","display_name":"Bin Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-2576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bin Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education in Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992576","display_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-0863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh Thai Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042460024","display_name":"Shimin Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4874-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimin Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022649488","display_name":"Dong In Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-8072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong In Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044630013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.9776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":122,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98155727,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"10","first_page":"1663","last_page":"1667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.9314408898353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6805167198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6529996395111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5393490791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5076256990432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26653844118118286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.9314408898353577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6805167198181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6529996395111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5393490791320801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5076256990432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26653844118118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3000892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G289367096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY219012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3090094000","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJB510009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4537055652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014R1A5A1011478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4682042915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19KJB510008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5758863293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSoE DeST-SCI2019-0007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5828897022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M4082187(4080)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6812608597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7349041217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY219013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G790279289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD2015071715073798","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335790","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Peacock Plan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335790","display_name":"Shenzhen Peacock Plan","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1852767571","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2775135700","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2945534522","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2953226670","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2975790550","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3004201425","https://openalex.org/W3009563387","https://openalex.org/W3027118737","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3087258725","https://openalex.org/W3100536113","https://openalex.org/W4236826464","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W4312547492","https://openalex.org/W3197729047","https://openalex.org/W3016692377","https://openalex.org/W1624160917","https://openalex.org/W2370486284","https://openalex.org/W2143847498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"to":[3,13,23,33,42,47,139],"use":[4],"Intelligent":[5],"Reflecting":[6],"Surface":[7],"(IRS)":[8],"as":[9],"a":[10,15],"green":[11],"jammer":[12,148],"attack":[14],"legitimate":[16,40,44],"communication":[17],"without":[18],"using":[19,123],"any":[20],"internal":[21],"energy":[22],"generate":[24],"jamming":[25,158],"signals.":[26],"In":[27],"particular,":[28],"the":[29,36,39,43,50,65,70,74,79,83,96,100,110,124,130,135,142,145,155],"IRS":[30],"is":[31,149],"used":[32],"intelligently":[34],"reflect":[35],"signals":[37,52],"from":[38,53],"transmitter":[41],"receiver":[45],"(LR)":[46],"guarantee":[48],"that":[49,121,153],"received":[51,75,133],"direct":[54],"and":[55,91,106],"reflecting":[56],"links":[57],"can":[58,112,128],"be":[59,113],"added":[60],"destructively,":[61],"which":[62],"thus":[63],"diminishes":[64],"Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise":[66],"Ratio":[67],"(SINR)":[68],"at":[69,78,95,134],"LR.":[71],"To":[72],"minimize":[73],"signal":[76,131],"power":[77,132],"LR,":[80],"we":[81,119,127],"consider":[82],"joint":[84],"optimization":[85],"of":[86,88,144,154],"magnitudes":[87],"reflection":[89],"coefficients":[90],"discrete":[92],"phase":[93],"shifts":[94],"IRS.":[97],"Based":[98],"on":[99],"block":[101],"coordinate":[102],"descent,":[103],"semidefinite":[104],"relaxation,":[105],"Gaussian":[107],"randomization":[108],"techniques,":[109],"solution":[111],"obtained":[114],"efficiently.":[115],"Through":[116],"simulation":[117],"results,":[118],"show":[120],"by":[122,137],"IRS-based":[125,147],"jammer,":[126],"reduce":[129],"LR":[136],"up":[138],"99%.":[140],"Interestingly,":[141],"performance":[143],"proposed":[146],"even":[150],"better":[151],"than":[152],"conventional":[156],"active":[157],"attacks":[159],"in":[160],"some":[161],"scenarios.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}