{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024826073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","title":"Channel Non-Line-of-Sight Identification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"Channel Non-Line-of-Sight Identification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024826073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","mag":"3024826073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037452493","display_name":"Qingbi Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingbi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012250827","display_name":"Ruisi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-3227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruisi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4135-3227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018166221","display_name":"Chen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-2693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3949-2693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344294","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-9915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-9915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350955","display_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangdui Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8889-7374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100765851","display_name":"Haoxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0314-2698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Academy of Industrial Internet, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China Academy of Industrial Internet, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92946504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"1500","last_page":"1504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9760717153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7034463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6595642566680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6474608778953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5628082752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4671083688735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45381563901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41116997599601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3446706533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31777870655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1499021351337433}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9760717153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7034463882446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6595642566680908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6474608778953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5628082752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4671083688735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45381563901901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41116997599601746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3446706533432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31777870655059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1499021351337433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2994945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523388589","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u8f66-\u8f66\u901a\u4fe1\u667a\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u6781\u5316\u591a\u5929\u7ebf\u4fe1\u9053\u5efa\u6a21\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1732052758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1752373702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61961130391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1800548303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFF0212103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5551904971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA191006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","funder_display_name":"Royal Society"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7486351859","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2020ZT008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7873871765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4182047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320006","display_name":"Royal Society","ror":"https://ror.org/03wnrjx87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1860447447","https://openalex.org/W1932847118","https://openalex.org/W1973895663","https://openalex.org/W1976867558","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2109247412","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2150371009","https://openalex.org/W2158317991","https://openalex.org/W2162718622","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2517304379","https://openalex.org/W2741403911","https://openalex.org/W2786032354","https://openalex.org/W2890496367","https://openalex.org/W2894071523","https://openalex.org/W2898088345","https://openalex.org/W2898451729","https://openalex.org/W2901028629","https://openalex.org/W2958201668","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963911037","https://openalex.org/W3006046128","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6643848182","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2358825988","https://openalex.org/W2893314552","https://openalex.org/W2126433025"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,126],"distinction":[1],"between":[2],"line-of-sight":[3],"(LOS)":[4],"and":[5,16,30,61,119],"non-line-of-sight":[6],"(NLOS)":[7],"channels":[8,32],"is":[9,55,63,112,140,161],"important":[10],"for":[11,71,171],"location":[12],"awareness":[13],"related":[14],"technologies":[15],"wireless":[17],"channel":[18,93,124,174],"modeling.":[19],"So":[20],"far,":[21],"most":[22],"of":[23,37,135,159,169],"the":[24,28,35,42,49,58,86,96,104,109,116,133,138,148,157,163,172],"existing":[25,105],"methods":[26],"identify":[27],"LOS":[29,118],"NLOS":[31,72,81,120,173],"based":[33,84,131,154],"on":[34,85,132],"characteristics":[36],"radio":[38],"propagation,":[39],"e.g.,":[40],"using":[41,115,143],"Ricean":[43,50,149],"<italic":[44,51,150],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[45,52,151],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">K</i>":[46,53,152],"factor.":[47],"However,":[48],"factor":[54,153],"sensitive":[56],"to":[57,66],"propagation":[59],"environment,":[60],"it":[62],"thus":[64],"difficult":[65],"find":[67],"a":[68,79],"proper":[69],"threshold":[70],"identification.":[73,175],"In":[74],"this":[75],"letter,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"novel":[80],"identification":[82,155],"method":[83,139,165],"convolutional":[87],"neural":[88],"network":[89,111,127],"(CNN).":[90],"Evaluated":[91],"by":[92,114,142],"measurement":[94],"data,":[95],"proposed":[97,164],"algorithm":[98],"achieves":[99],"better":[100],"performance":[101],"compared":[102],"with":[103,147],"conventional":[106],"method.":[107],"Firstly,":[108],"CNN":[110],"trained":[113],"pre-labeled":[117],"data":[121],"collected":[122],"from":[123],"measurements.":[125],"parameters":[128],"are":[129],"set":[130],"feedback":[134],"training.":[136],"Then,":[137],"validated":[141],"different":[144],"datasets.":[145],"Compared":[146],"method,":[156],"accuracy":[158,168],"which":[160],"0.86,":[162],"shows":[166],"higher":[167],"0.99":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
