{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018949077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","title":"Timing Modulation for Macro-Scale Molecular Communication","display_name":"Timing Modulation for Macro-Scale Molecular Communication","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018949077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","mag":"3018949077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054216683","display_name":"Sina Aeeneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0923-3495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU","IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sina Aeeneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia","Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072326730","display_name":"Nikola Zlatanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6828-3308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikola Zlatanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Monash University, Clayton, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University, Clayton, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015573260","display_name":"Amin Gohari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9667-7627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Gohari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067494745","display_name":"Masoumeh Nasiri\u2010Kenari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-4460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoumeh Nasiri-Kenari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035804797","display_name":"Mahtab Mirmohseni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-5820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahtab Mirmohseni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054216683"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467","https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49610834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"9","first_page":"1356","last_page":"1360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.8679723739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.7416055202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7216171622276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.5667778253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5082644820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.49112460017204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4262828826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4180026054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40713566541671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3882908821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32207125425338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24161693453788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.18514475226402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14109501242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10330411791801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08342427015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.0812745988368988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.07701107859611511}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.8679723739624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.7416055202484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7216171622276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.5667778253555298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5082644820213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.49112460017204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4262828826904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4180026054382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40713566541671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3882908821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32207125425338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24161693453788757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.18514475226402283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14109501242637634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10330411791801453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08342427015304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0812745988368988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.07701107859611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2990352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4143899027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DP180101205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164887593","https://openalex.org/W1963236846","https://openalex.org/W2047612970","https://openalex.org/W2168002711","https://openalex.org/W2171125625","https://openalex.org/W2195098327","https://openalex.org/W2565758905","https://openalex.org/W2793650802","https://openalex.org/W2888546239","https://openalex.org/W2905824072","https://openalex.org/W2920074752","https://openalex.org/W3100991707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163496989","https://openalex.org/W2054910325","https://openalex.org/W3135645983","https://openalex.org/W3000508184","https://openalex.org/W1493890705","https://openalex.org/W2610758737","https://openalex.org/W3046169114","https://openalex.org/W2025120878","https://openalex.org/W2614019642","https://openalex.org/W2006046455"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,43],"a":[5,44],"novel":[6],"communication":[7],"scheme":[8],"for":[9,60],"macro-scale":[10,55],"molecular":[11,63],"timing":[12],"channels":[13],"(MTCs),":[14],"where":[15],"the":[16,20,24,27],"information":[17],"carrier":[18],"is":[19,57],"release":[21],"time":[22],"of":[23],"molecules.":[25],"Next,":[26],"symbol":[28],"constellation,":[29],"receiver's":[30,34],"sampling":[31],"time,":[32],"and":[33,39],"decision":[35],"rule":[36],"are":[37],"designed":[38],"analyzed.":[40],"We":[41],"further":[42],"computationally":[45],"simple":[46],"yet":[47],"optimal":[48],"receiver.":[49],"Our":[50],"numerical":[51],"results":[52],"show":[53],"that":[54],"MTC":[56],"an":[58],"approach":[59],"achieving":[61],"ultra-reliable":[62],"communication.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}