{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015412213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","title":"A Joint TDOA-PDOA Localization Approach Using Particle Swarm Optimization","display_name":"A Joint TDOA-PDOA Localization Approach Using Particle Swarm Optimization","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015412213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","mag":"3015412213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725055","display_name":"Hui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-9966","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032135059","display_name":"Tarig Ballal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarig Ballal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-7514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042602326","display_name":"Nasir Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-5139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasir Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119580","display_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90295312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"1240","last_page":"1244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9949564933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.740358829498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6815253496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4882698059082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.47358351945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdoa","display_name":"FDOA","score":0.46444395184516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4378352463245392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33398035168647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3208796977996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1571265161037445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12467998266220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11382418870925903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9949564933776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.740358829498291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6815253496170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4882698059082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.47358351945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14774633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5425288","display_name":"FDOA","level":4,"score":0.46444395184516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4378352463245392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33398035168647766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3208796977996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1571265161037445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12467998266220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11382418870925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2986756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/662503","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662503","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015415689","https://openalex.org/W2052111957","https://openalex.org/W2095728833","https://openalex.org/W2101317465","https://openalex.org/W2102246835","https://openalex.org/W2104016228","https://openalex.org/W2108292920","https://openalex.org/W2110436731","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2126347138","https://openalex.org/W2157229366","https://openalex.org/W2165969505","https://openalex.org/W2169730407","https://openalex.org/W2294748733","https://openalex.org/W2306862514","https://openalex.org/W2402846924","https://openalex.org/W2545873729","https://openalex.org/W2585484786","https://openalex.org/W2593070959","https://openalex.org/W2766441399","https://openalex.org/W2888465049","https://openalex.org/W2948293246","https://openalex.org/W2949978583","https://openalex.org/W2952732400","https://openalex.org/W2985031189","https://openalex.org/W4300106150","https://openalex.org/W6682642761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2123592012","https://openalex.org/W1969144673","https://openalex.org/W2215124457","https://openalex.org/W2117730682","https://openalex.org/W2797015237","https://openalex.org/W2183192203","https://openalex.org/W4385624455","https://openalex.org/W2156792236","https://openalex.org/W2152573277","https://openalex.org/W2259351014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Estimating":[0],"the":[1,24,34,37,66,88,121,129],"location":[2,93,123],"of":[3,55],"a":[4,73,99,104,107,115],"target":[5],"is":[6,95,112],"essential":[7],"for":[8,59],"many":[9],"applications":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"asset":[13],"tracking,":[14],"navigation,":[15],"and":[16,36,57,80,133],"data":[17],"communications.":[18],"Time-difference-of-arrival":[19],"(TDOA)":[20],"based":[21],"localization":[22,51,60,136],"has":[23,61],"main":[25],"advantage":[26],"that":[27,45,76,128],"it":[28],"does":[29],"not":[30,62],"require":[31],"synchronization":[32],"between":[33],"transmitting":[35],"receiving":[38],"sides.":[39],"Phase-difference-of-arrival":[40],"(PDOA)":[41],"provides":[42],"additional":[43],"information":[44],"can":[46],"be":[47],"leveraged":[48],"to":[49,82,119,139],"enhance":[50],"performance.":[52],"The":[53],"combination":[54],"TDOA":[56,79,100,141],"PDOA":[58,81],"been":[63],"reported":[64],"in":[65],"literature.":[67],"In":[68,87],"this":[69],"letter,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"novel":[74],"approach":[75,131],"incorporates":[77],"both":[78],"achieve":[83],"improved":[84],"position":[85],"estimation.":[86],"proposed":[89,130],"approach,":[90],"an":[91],"initial":[92],"estimate":[94],"obtained":[96],"by":[97],"optimizing":[98],"cost":[101,110],"function.":[102],"Next,":[103],"PDOA,":[105],"or":[106],"hybrid":[108],"TDOA-PDOA":[109],"function":[111],"optimized":[113],"using":[114],"particle":[116],"swarm":[117],"optimizer":[118],"obtain":[120],"final":[122],"estimate.":[124],"Simulation":[125],"results":[126],"show":[127],"sufficiently,":[132],"justifiably,":[134],"improves":[135],"performance":[137],"relative":[138],"pure":[140],"methods.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}