{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014094622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","title":"Covariance Matrix Reconstruction for DOA Estimation in Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Covariance Matrix Reconstruction for DOA Estimation in Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014094622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","mag":"3014094622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947994","display_name":"Si Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-4208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109739","display_name":"First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkhme60","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302611135","https://openalex.org/I4210109739"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2416-4208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"First Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security of P.R.C, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070","https://openalex.org/I4210109739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027899296","display_name":"Yinsheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-4888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinsheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3046-4888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085856839","display_name":"Li You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li You","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636788","display_name":"Wenjin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-6589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101995499","display_name":"Hongtao Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143635","display_name":"State Radio Regulation Of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041100z65","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143635","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Radio Monitoring Station of State Radio Monitoring Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-4548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Radio Monitoring Station of State Radio Monitoring Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143635"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342437","display_name":"Xu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-7499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-7499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5011,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9523911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"8","first_page":"1196","last_page":"1200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.8273587226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.7165592312812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6558663845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5880433320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.5792109966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5216556191444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.4269290566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3g-mimo","display_name":"3G MIMO","score":0.418077290058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35143715143203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.2447153925895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23987099528312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22338929772377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1214032769203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11080804467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08323028683662415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.8273587226867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.7165592312812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6558663845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5880433320999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5792109966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5216556191444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.4269290566444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165650700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636347","display_name":"3G MIMO","level":4,"score":0.418077290058136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35143715143203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.2447153925895691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23987099528312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22338929772377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1214032769203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11080804467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08323028683662415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2985014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1639894444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2918307682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20170688","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4712056952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61761136016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6742495610","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RCS2020ZT009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7006046862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019D01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","funder_display_name":"Southeast University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323067","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W1566346978","https://openalex.org/W2002347603","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2561566304","https://openalex.org/W2598194391","https://openalex.org/W2611469656","https://openalex.org/W2963456405","https://openalex.org/W2964120315","https://openalex.org/W2973265422","https://openalex.org/W2983410381"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606846467","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W1574498476","https://openalex.org/W2159343473","https://openalex.org/W1489099099","https://openalex.org/W4382204317","https://openalex.org/W2130561732","https://openalex.org/W2024369332","https://openalex.org/W4237321995","https://openalex.org/W1996130034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"signal":[1],"classification":[2],"(MUSIC)":[3],"has":[4,28],"been":[5,29],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"in":[8,31,67,82,101,121,148,176],"wireless":[9],"communications":[10],"for":[11,96,173],"direction-of-arrival":[12],"(DOA)":[13],"estimation.":[14],"For":[15],"massive":[16,44,84,103,178],"multiple-input":[17],"multiple-output":[18],"(MIMO)":[19],"systems":[20],"operating":[21],"at":[22,50],"millimeter-wave":[23],"bands,":[24],"hybrid":[25,43,83,102,177],"analog-digital":[26],"structure":[27],"adopted":[30],"transceiver":[32],"design":[33],"to":[34,56,114],"reduce":[35],"the":[36,47,51,57,111,125,142,155,160],"cost":[37],"of":[38,117,136],"radio":[39],"frequency":[40],"chains.":[41],"In":[42,87,106],"MIMO":[45,85,104,179],"systems,":[46],"received":[48],"signals":[49],"antennas":[52],"are":[53],"not":[54],"sent":[55],"receiver":[58],"directly,":[59],"and":[60,123],"spatial":[61,97,126,161],"covariance":[62,98,127,162],"matrix,":[63],"which":[64],"is":[65,70,145],"essential":[66],"MUSIC":[68,76,167],"algorithm,":[69],"thus":[71],"unavailable.":[72],"As":[73],"a":[74,92,115,134],"consequence,":[75],"algorithm":[77,168],"cannot":[78],"be":[79,130,170],"directly":[80],"used":[81,172],"systems.":[86,105,180],"this":[88,149],"letter,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"beam":[93,112],"sweeping":[94],"approach":[95,157],"matrix":[99,128,163],"reconstruction":[100,143],"particular,":[107],"analog":[108],"beamformer":[109],"switches":[110],"direction":[113],"group":[116],"predetermined":[118],"DOA":[119,174],"angles":[120],"turn,":[122],"then":[124],"can":[129,158,169],"reconstructed":[131],"by":[132],"solving":[133],"set":[135],"linear":[137],"equations.":[138],"Insightful":[139],"analysis":[140],"on":[141],"accuracy":[144],"also":[146],"presented":[147],"letter.":[150],"Simulation":[151],"results":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154,166],"proposed":[156],"reconstruct":[159],"accurately":[164],"so":[165],"well":[171],"estimation":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
