{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954304120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","title":"On the Physical Layer Security of a Decode and Forward Based Mixed FSO/RF Co-operative System","display_name":"On the Physical Layer Security of a Decode and Forward Based Mixed FSO/RF Co-operative System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954304120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","mag":"2954304120"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010925446","display_name":"Dipti R. Pattanayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-009X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154970844","display_name":"Jaypee Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sttyy11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dipti R. Pattanayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005593816","display_name":"Vivek K. Dwivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-8011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154970844","display_name":"Jaypee Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sttyy11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek K. Dwivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080685850","display_name":"Vikram Karwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0589-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154970844","display_name":"Jaypee Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sttyy11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikram Karwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027144149","display_name":"Imran Shafique Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-6547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Shafique Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073756161","display_name":"Hongjiang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9070-6300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjiang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communication Technology, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Mobile Communication Technology, Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunication, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEMSE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010925446"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2074,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4869725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.8119084239006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.811805009841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5833758115768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.5601224899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.46180930733680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phy","display_name":"PHY","score":0.44221773743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-form-expression","display_name":"Closed-form expression","score":0.4142836332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39549437165260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32115286588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2428450882434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22563615441322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.2134176790714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13250848650932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1115821897983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07164788246154785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.8119084239006042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.811805009841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5833758115768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.5601224899291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.46180930733680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41918916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"PHY","level":4,"score":0.44221773743629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4530962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777407","display_name":"Closed-form expression","level":2,"score":0.4142836332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39549437165260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32115286588668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2428450882434845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22563615441322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.2134176790714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13250848650932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1115821897983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07164788246154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2979442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03117","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2954304120","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03117.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/662111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1907.03117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.03117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.03117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.03117","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.03117","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954304120.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73186599","https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W2031230704","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2128482304","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2248980475","https://openalex.org/W2293471722","https://openalex.org/W2344547323","https://openalex.org/W2399724898","https://openalex.org/W2518548564","https://openalex.org/W2526742096","https://openalex.org/W2588775896","https://openalex.org/W2589913228","https://openalex.org/W2726806793","https://openalex.org/W2803536213","https://openalex.org/W2807425737","https://openalex.org/W2909821951","https://openalex.org/W2910666727","https://openalex.org/W2913947440","https://openalex.org/W2949197600","https://openalex.org/W2964267567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3120506208","https://openalex.org/W3165543055","https://openalex.org/W3193831045","https://openalex.org/W3164852850","https://openalex.org/W3201184215","https://openalex.org/W3166535298","https://openalex.org/W2598310917","https://openalex.org/W3156288368","https://openalex.org/W2771541916","https://openalex.org/W3011617214","https://openalex.org/W2947839374","https://openalex.org/W2911734286","https://openalex.org/W2253038843","https://openalex.org/W2791771420","https://openalex.org/W2952631538","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2807069194","https://openalex.org/W3175431404","https://openalex.org/W2339019390","https://openalex.org/W2783000346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"the":[3,66,112,125,144,152,156,164],"secrecy":[4,99,104,153],"performance":[5,100,130],"of":[6,117,163],"a":[7,51],"decode-and-forward":[8],"(DF)":[9],"principle":[10],"based":[11,57,60],"mixed":[12],"free":[13],"space":[14],"optics":[15],"(FSO)":[16],"and":[17,58,72,86,109,120,167],"radio":[18],"frequency":[19],"(RF)":[20],"system":[21,114,157,165],"is":[22,26,42,107,158],"analyzed.":[23],"The":[24,55,76],"analysis":[25],"done":[27],"from":[28,44,69],"physical":[29],"layer":[30],"(PHY)":[31],"security":[32],"perspective.":[33],"Herein,":[34],"two":[35],"different":[36],"eavesdroppers":[37,61],"are":[38,62,80,89,132,146],"considered":[39],"while":[40],"signal":[41,68,137],"transmitting":[43],"source":[45],"(S)":[46],"to":[47,64,138,160],"destination":[48],"(D)":[49],"through":[50],"relay":[52],"(R)":[53],"point.":[54],"FSO":[56,78],"RF":[59,87],"trying":[63],"intercept":[65],"confidential":[67],"S-R":[70],"link":[71],"R-D":[73],"links":[74,79,88],"respectively.":[75],"faded":[77],"modeled":[81],"by":[82,91,134,148],"M\u00e1laga":[83],"(M)":[84],"distribution":[85],"characterized":[90],"Nakagami-m":[92],"distribution.":[93],"Exact":[94],"closed":[95],"form":[96],"expression":[97],"for":[98,111,128,155],"metric":[101],"such":[102],"as":[103],"outage":[105],"probability":[106],"derived":[108,133,159],"analyzed":[110],"aforementioned":[113],"in":[115],"terms":[116],"Meijer's":[118],"G-function":[119],"bivariate":[121],"Fox's":[122],"H-function.":[123],"Furthermore,":[124],"asymptotic":[126],"expressions":[127],"these":[129],"metrics":[131],"employing":[135],"high":[136],"noise":[139],"ratio":[140],"(SNR)":[141],"approximation.":[142],"Afterwards":[143],"results":[145],"verified":[147],"Monte-Carlo":[149],"simulations.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"threshold":[154],"get":[161],"insight":[162],"reliability":[166],"secrecy.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}