{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2983279430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","title":"Optimal Beamforming for Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks With Nonlinear PA and Imperfect CSIT","display_name":"Optimal Beamforming for Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Networks With Nonlinear PA and Imperfect CSIT","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2983279430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","mag":"2983279430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01654","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chengxiao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-533X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-533X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-2145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-2145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yunfei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-1805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Xiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ning Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-7025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-7025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98466342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"276","last_page":"280"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12449","display_name":"Spacecraft Design and Technology","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.43209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7749000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6723999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5174000263214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5078999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.49219998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.43209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41940000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3831000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12547192","display_name":"Imperfect","level":2,"score":0.3734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.36160001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134222854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683140","display_name":"Adjacent-channel interference","level":4,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2952124","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:129213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.01654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.01654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1905.01654","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1905.01654","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.01654","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1288812995","display_name":"\u661f\u5730\u534f\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u6781\u9650\u4e0e\u903c\u8fd1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61771286","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1392091062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1554663172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L172041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2734937587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61960206006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3400019797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91638205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3846876833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5358367525","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6907490514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1801101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7744265252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242019R30001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987123761","https://openalex.org/W2078178986","https://openalex.org/W2101397645","https://openalex.org/W2138066438","https://openalex.org/W2276581826","https://openalex.org/W2315826210","https://openalex.org/W2344901047","https://openalex.org/W2345019103","https://openalex.org/W2517569985","https://openalex.org/W2569659590","https://openalex.org/W2620727465","https://openalex.org/W2621748098","https://openalex.org/W2784063444","https://openalex.org/W2790244709","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6737773111","https://openalex.org/W6760737840","https://openalex.org/W6761572702"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"hybrid":[1],"satellite-terrestrial":[2],"networks":[3],"(HSTNs),":[4],"spectrum":[5],"sharing":[6],"is":[7,99],"crucial":[8],"to":[9,23,84],"alleviate":[10],"the":[11,16,25,35,49,65,72,86,90,96,121,124],"\u201cspectrum":[12],"scarcity\u201d":[13],"problem.":[14],"Therein,":[15],"transmit":[17],"beams":[18,111],"should":[19],"be":[20],"carefully":[21],"designed":[22],"mitigate":[24],"inter-satellite-terrestrial":[26,97],"interference.":[27],"Different":[28],"from":[29],"previous":[30],"studies,":[31],"this":[32],"letter":[33],"considers":[34],"impact":[36],"of":[37,68,89,109,123],"both":[38],"nonlinear":[39],"power":[40],"amplifier":[41],"(PA)":[42],"and":[43,71,107],"large-scale":[44,73],"channel":[45,76],"state":[46],"information":[47],"at":[48],"transmitter":[50],"(CSIT)":[51],"on":[52,64],"beamforming.":[53],"These":[54],"phenomena":[55],"are":[56,112],"usually":[57],"inevitable":[58],"in":[59,114],"a":[60,80,101,115],"practical":[61],"HSTN.":[62],"Based":[63],"Saleh":[66],"model":[67],"PA":[69],"nonlinearity":[70],"multi-beam":[74],"satellite":[75,91],"parameters,":[77],"we":[78],"formulate":[79],"beamforming":[81,126],"optimization":[82],"problem":[83],"maximize":[85],"achievable":[87],"rate":[88],"system":[92],"while":[93],"ensuring":[94],"that":[95],"interference":[98],"below":[100],"given":[102],"threshold.":[103],"The":[104],"optimal":[105],"amplitude":[106],"phase":[108],"desired":[110],"derived":[113],"decoupled":[116],"manner.":[117],"Simulation":[118],"results":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"superiority":[122],"proposed":[125],"scheme.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2019-11-22T00:00:00"}
