{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975790550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-Antenna Secure Transmission","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Multi-Antenna Secure Transmission","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975790550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","mag":"2975790550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051251573","display_name":"Zheng Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9715-3190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036919829","display_name":"Wanming Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-3447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanming Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002566516","display_name":"Pei Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073757951","display_name":"Jia Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051251573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.0381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99725533,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"108","last_page":"112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7580141425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.704947829246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6193941831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.6140866875648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5767356753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semidefinite-programming","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","score":0.5601367950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5169833898544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5161653161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.4828975200653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secrecy","display_name":"Secrecy","score":0.46833133697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.46317416429519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.4593108296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4462677538394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.4392396807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.4107784628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.3095407783985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3047627806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.29409360885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.26070088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20346274971961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15412867069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.14781931042671204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7580141425132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.704947829246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6193941831588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.6140866875648499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5767356753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101901036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269096","display_name":"Semidefinite programming","level":2,"score":0.5601367950439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5169833898544312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5161653161048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.4828975200653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.46833133697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.46317416429519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4593108296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4462677538394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.4392396807670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.4107784628868103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.3095407783985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3047627806663513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29409360885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26070088148117065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20346274971961975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15412867069244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.14781931042671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2019.2943559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.44SUR_INST:11139793840002346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:epubs.surrey.ac.uk:853029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/853029/1/Intelligent%20Reflecting%20Surface%20Aided%20Multi-Antenna%20Secure%20Transmission.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400680","display_name":"Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","host_organization_name":"University of Surrey","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1025925688","display_name":"Stepping towards the industrial 6th Sense","funder_award_id":"EP/R001588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4512960364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R001588/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2051767912","https://openalex.org/W2081035264","https://openalex.org/W2119952207","https://openalex.org/W2124431228","https://openalex.org/W2162678712","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2610857016","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2916444654","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2963460596","https://openalex.org/W2963531496","https://openalex.org/W2963993392","https://openalex.org/W2964113506","https://openalex.org/W2964129085","https://openalex.org/W3105289681","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4250589301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993671760","https://openalex.org/W2376754011","https://openalex.org/W3026778509","https://openalex.org/W2462883630","https://openalex.org/W4287776800","https://openalex.org/W2786811319","https://openalex.org/W4285103104","https://openalex.org/W2972651196","https://openalex.org/W4213434963","https://openalex.org/W2001401221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,74],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,59],"propose":[4,60],"intelligent":[5],"reflecting":[6,30],"surface":[7,29],"(IRS)":[8],"aided":[9],"multi-antenna":[10],"physical":[11],"layer":[12],"security.":[13],"We":[14],"present":[15],"a":[16],"power":[17,25,39],"efficient":[18],"scheme":[19],"to":[20,35,41,51,71,92,105],"design":[21],"the":[22,28,37,42,47,52,56,66,77,81,94,99,103,107],"secure":[23,83,108],"transmit":[24,38],"allocation":[26],"and":[27,65],"phase":[31],"shift.":[32],"It":[33],"aims":[34],"minimize":[36],"subject":[40],"secrecy":[43],"rate":[44],"constraint":[45],"at":[46],"legitimate":[48],"user.":[49],"Due":[50],"non-convex":[53],"nature":[54],"of":[55,80,102],"formulated":[57],"problem,":[58],"an":[61],"alternative":[62],"optimization":[63],"algorithm":[64],"semidefinite":[67],"programming":[68],"(SDP)":[69],"relaxation":[70],"deal":[72],"with":[73],"issue.":[75],"Also,":[76],"closed-form":[78],"expression":[79],"optimal":[82],"beamformer":[84],"is":[85],"derived.":[86],"Finally,":[87],"simulation":[88],"results":[89],"are":[90],"presented":[91],"validate":[93],"proposed":[95],"algorithm,":[96],"which":[97],"highlights":[98],"performance":[100],"gains":[101],"IRS":[104],"improve":[106],"transmission.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}