{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2799154007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","title":"Rician ${K}$ -Factor-Based Analysis of XLOS Service Probability in 5G Outdoor Ultra-Dense Networks","display_name":"Rician ${K}$ -Factor-Based Analysis of XLOS Service Probability in 5G Outdoor Ultra-Dense Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2799154007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","mag":"2799154007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08101","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037864108","display_name":"Hatim Chergui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-7349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153527","display_name":"Institut National des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/052bnvt46","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527","https://openalex.org/I4210167103"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatim Chergui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Department, INPT, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-7349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Department, INPT, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090034400","display_name":"Mustapha Benjillali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-1067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153527","display_name":"Institut National des Postes et T\u00e9l\u00e9communications","ror":"https://ror.org/052bnvt46","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527","https://openalex.org/I4210167103"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Benjillali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication Systems Department, INPT, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-1067","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication Systems Department, INPT, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153527"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67797508,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"428","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7008185982704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.6657336354255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5156235098838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.4912094473838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.4904575049877167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.484699010848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.4286271333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4112722873687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4108670949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4025464653968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3323802351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24095472693443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.23959565162658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22586503624916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17583376169204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11240452527999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.10546380281448364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7008185982704163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.6657336354255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5156235098838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.4912094473838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4904575049877167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.484699010848999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.4286271333694458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4112722873687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4108670949935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4025464653968811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3323802351951599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24095472693443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.23959565162658691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22586503624916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17583376169204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11240452527999878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.10546380281448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2874654","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.08101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2799154007","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/629969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/629969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1804.08101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.08101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1804.08101","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08101","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1804.08101","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799154007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2799154007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191636288","https://openalex.org/W2011144877","https://openalex.org/W2032776349","https://openalex.org/W2056887883","https://openalex.org/W2076362839","https://openalex.org/W2103851250","https://openalex.org/W2104557602","https://openalex.org/W2151506308","https://openalex.org/W2319383592","https://openalex.org/W2469797310","https://openalex.org/W2735627576","https://openalex.org/W2739207348","https://openalex.org/W2762368494","https://openalex.org/W2963418615","https://openalex.org/W4234152573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964267567","https://openalex.org/W2126717548","https://openalex.org/W3006221286","https://openalex.org/W3135756470","https://openalex.org/W3087367170","https://openalex.org/W1791337326","https://openalex.org/W2939374921","https://openalex.org/W2161177372","https://openalex.org/W3194078248","https://openalex.org/W3131626500","https://openalex.org/W2963713839","https://openalex.org/W2204243157","https://openalex.org/W3128287711","https://openalex.org/W2890561955","https://openalex.org/W2276831195","https://openalex.org/W3212935667","https://openalex.org/W1982849351","https://openalex.org/W2951948265","https://openalex.org/W2994729223","https://openalex.org/W2507857627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,118],"introduce":[4],"the":[5,23,26,30,36,49,62,79,91,97,113,134],"concept":[6],"of":[7,78,99,112],"Rician":[8],"K-factor-based":[9],"radio":[10,32],"resource":[11],"and":[12,35,65,96,138,152],"mobility":[13],"management":[14],"for":[15,148],"fifth":[16],"generation":[17],"(5G)":[18],"ultra-dense":[19],"networks":[20],"(UDN),":[21],"where":[22,90],"information":[24],"on":[25,70],"gradual":[27],"visibility":[28],"between":[29,93],"new":[31,55],"node":[33],"B":[34],"user":[37],"equipment":[38],"(UE)-dubbed":[39],"X-line-of-sight":[40],"(XLOS)-would":[41],"be":[42],"required.":[43],"We":[44],"therefore":[45],"start":[46],"by":[47,154],"presenting":[48],"XLOS":[50,80,101],"service":[51,81],"probability":[52,82],"as":[53],"a":[54,71,75,84,120],"performance":[56],"indicator;":[57],"taking":[58],"into":[59],"account":[60],"both":[61],"UE":[63],"serving":[64],"neighbor":[66],"cells.":[67],"By":[68],"relying":[69],"lognormal":[72],"K-factor":[73],"model,":[74],"parametric":[76],"expression":[77],"in":[83,110],"5G":[85],"outdoor":[86],"UDN":[87],"is":[88,103,108,129],"derived,":[89],"link":[92],"network":[94,150],"parameters":[95],"availability":[98],"an":[100],"condition":[102],"established.":[104],"The":[105],"obtained":[106],"formula":[107],"given":[109],"terms":[111],"multivariate":[114],"Fox":[115],"H-function,":[116],"wherefore":[117],"develop":[119],"fast":[121],"graphical":[122],"processing":[123],"unit-enabled":[124],"MATLAB":[125],"code.":[126],"Residue":[127],"theory":[128],"then":[130],"applied":[131],"to":[132],"infer":[133],"relevant":[135],"asymptotic":[136],"behavior":[137],"show":[139],"its":[140],"practical":[141],"implications.":[142],"Finally,":[143],"numerical":[144],"results":[145],"are":[146],"provided":[147],"various":[149],"configurations,":[151],"underpinned":[153],"extensive":[155],"Monte-Carlo":[156],"simulations.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
