{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2886147872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","title":"Connectivity and Blockage Effects in Millimeter-Wave Air-To-Everything Networks","display_name":"Connectivity and Blockage Effects in Millimeter-Wave Air-To-Everything Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2886147872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","mag":"2886147872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043358532","display_name":"Kaifeng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-073X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kaifeng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEE, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007131492","display_name":"Kaibin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8773-4629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaibin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEE, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEE, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029812222","display_name":"Robert W. Heath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. Heath","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043358532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2176,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88605916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"388","last_page":"391"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.65973299741745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6573880910873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6076940894126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5131233334541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower","display_name":"Tower","score":0.4702053666114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.4374188780784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.4276483356952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-process","display_name":"Stochastic process","score":0.41540178656578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37444353103637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34625327587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.154607355594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12767136096954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12166452407836914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.65973299741745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6573880910873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6076940894126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5131233334541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.4702053666114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4374188780784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.4276483356952667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8272713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176737","display_name":"Stochastic process","level":2,"score":0.41540178656578064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37444353103637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34625327587127686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.154607355594635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12767136096954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12166452407836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2873361","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5054079009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1711702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6681017652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1731658","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2069809711","https://openalex.org/W2103179464","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2206930994","https://openalex.org/W2258127536","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2368600038","https://openalex.org/W2558431499","https://openalex.org/W2577263227","https://openalex.org/W2577541407","https://openalex.org/W2593030779","https://openalex.org/W2761757106","https://openalex.org/W2798173918","https://openalex.org/W2963988154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392835431","https://openalex.org/W2126932387","https://openalex.org/W1965371215","https://openalex.org/W2353762239","https://openalex.org/W66314852","https://openalex.org/W2185938410","https://openalex.org/W2484966135","https://openalex.org/W4292263259","https://openalex.org/W2544692165","https://openalex.org/W2103179464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(mmWave)":[1],"offers":[2],"high":[3],"data":[4],"rate":[5],"and":[6,15,39,54,79,104,109,115],"bandwidth":[7],"for":[8,43,73],"air-to-everything":[9],"(A2X)":[10],"communications":[11],"including":[12,111],"air-to-air,":[13],"air-to-ground,":[14],"air-to-tower.":[16],"MmWave":[17],"communication":[18],"in":[19],"the":[20,41,83,91,100],"A2X":[21,124],"network":[22],"is":[23,77,94],"sensitive":[24],"to":[25,37],"buildings":[26,59,110],"blockage":[27],"effects.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"letter,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"an":[34,44,74],"analytical":[35],"framework":[36],"define":[38],"characterise":[40],"connectivity":[42,92],"aerial":[45],"access":[46],"point":[47],"(AAP)":[48],"by":[49,81],"jointly":[50],"using":[51],"stochastic":[52],"geometry":[53],"random":[55],"shape":[56],"theory.":[57],"The":[58,70],"are":[60],"modelled":[61],"as":[62,96],"a":[63,97],"Boolean":[64],"line-segment":[65],"process":[66],"with":[67],"fixed":[68],"height.":[69],"blocking":[71],"area":[72],"arbitrary":[75],"building":[76],"derived":[78,95],"minimized":[80],"optimizing":[82],"altitude":[84,101],"of":[85,99,102,107],"AAP.":[86],"A":[87],"lower":[88],"bound":[89],"on":[90,121],"probability":[93],"function":[98],"AAP":[103],"different":[105],"parameters":[106],"users":[108],"their":[112],"densities,":[113],"sizes,":[114],"heights.":[116],"This":[117],"letter":[118],"yields":[119],"guidelines":[120],"practical":[122],"mmWave":[123],"networks":[125],"deployment.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}