{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893082680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","title":"Covert Communication With the Help of Relay and Channel Uncertainty","display_name":"Covert Communication With the Help of Relay and Channel Uncertainty","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893082680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","mag":"2893082680"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100643698","display_name":"Jianquan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianquan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030002011","display_name":"Wanbin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-9907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanbin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101685714","display_name":"Qiangqiang Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiangqiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397107","display_name":"Xiaoping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9844-6067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074009576","display_name":"Hangmei Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-7953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangmei Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020825307","display_name":"Shaoqian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoqian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Communication Science, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100643698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4781,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":177,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9815067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"317","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8501918911933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.8115890026092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7489399909973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.7178617715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6519549489021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6290387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6212328672409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice-and-bob","display_name":"Alice and Bob","score":0.5816816091537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5553255081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5405778288841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.5186516642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35913169384002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alice","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","score":0.33932268619537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08198919892311096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8501918911933899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.8115890026092529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7489399909973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.7178617715835571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6519549489021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6290387511253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6212328672409058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649676","display_name":"Alice and Bob","level":3,"score":0.5816816091537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5553255081176758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5405778288841248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.5186516642570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35913169384002686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778222013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136926","display_name":"Alice (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.33932268619537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08198919892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2872058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1657401563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZYGX2016KYQD143","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1963757375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3696108676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015ZX03002010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6980557992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61271169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636358068","https://openalex.org/W1897081267","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2136907755","https://openalex.org/W2149098813","https://openalex.org/W2170470787","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2594393372","https://openalex.org/W2964289634","https://openalex.org/W3102020296","https://openalex.org/W3104101844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409612194","https://openalex.org/W4224042389","https://openalex.org/W174282171","https://openalex.org/W20460883","https://openalex.org/W1765977934","https://openalex.org/W1587013156","https://openalex.org/W4392755040","https://openalex.org/W4239080508","https://openalex.org/W2326198059","https://openalex.org/W4319780484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Covert":[0],"communication":[1,27],"aims":[2],"to":[3,10,24,36,52,64,98],"hide":[4],"the":[5,8,12,37,42,48,54,57,66,87,100,103,106],"existence":[6,55],"of":[7,44,56,68,89,105],"transmissions":[9],"guarantee":[11],"security":[13],"in":[14,28,81],"wireless":[15],"communications.":[16],"In":[17],"this":[18],"letter,":[19],"channel":[20,60,83,92],"uncertainty":[21,61],"is":[22],"exploited":[23],"achieve":[25],"covert":[26],"relay":[29,90],"networks.":[30],"The":[31,59],"transmitter":[32],"Alice":[33,74],"sends":[34],"messages":[35],"legitimate":[38],"receiver":[39],"Bob":[40],"with":[41,86],"help":[43,88],"a":[45],"relay,":[46],"while":[47],"warden":[49],"Willie":[50],"wants":[51],"detect":[53],"transmission.":[58],"introduces":[62],"confusions":[63],"degrade":[65],"performance":[67,104],"Willie's":[69],"detection.":[70],"We":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73],"can":[75],"transmit":[76],"${O}$":[77],"(${n}$":[78],")":[79],"bits":[80],"${n}$":[82],"uses":[84],"covertly":[85],"and":[91,102],"uncertainty.":[93],"Numerical":[94],"results":[95],"are":[96],"shown":[97],"illustrate":[99],"achievability":[101],"considered":[107],"scenario.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
