{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2796884224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","title":"Automatic Modulation Classification for D-STBC Cooperative Relaying Networks","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Classification for D-STBC Cooperative Relaying Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2796884224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","mag":"2796884224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078703606","display_name":"Hakim Tayakout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hakim Tayakout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, National School Polytechnic, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8760-9884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, National School Polytechnic, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081984284","display_name":"Iyad Dayoub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2279609970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7454413","display_name":"\u00c9cole Centrale de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/01x441g73","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Dayoub","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Valenciennes, CNRS, University of Lille, YNCREA, Centrale Lille, UMR 8520 \u2013 IEMN, DOAE, Valenciennes, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0910-4722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Valenciennes, CNRS, University of Lille, YNCREA, Centrale Lille, UMR 8520 \u2013 IEMN, DOAE, Valenciennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I7454413","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075602435","display_name":"Khalida Ghanem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-0165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102186","display_name":"Centre de D\u00e9veloppement des Technologies Avanc\u00e9es","ror":"https://ror.org/01ay87255","country_code":"DZ","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102186"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Ghanem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunications, Center for Development of Advanced Technologies, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-0165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunications, Center for Development of Advanced Technologies, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065465104","display_name":"Hicham Bousbia-Salah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Bousbia-Salah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, National School Polytechnic, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, National School Polytechnic, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92657922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5","first_page":"780","last_page":"783"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9764000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9488999843597412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-block-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","score":0.9143332242965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.652266263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.6314626932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5626329779624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4617462456226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.4571121037006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4500964283943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.44499504566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.434592068195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclostationary-process","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","score":0.4315776526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4228060245513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4192074239253998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36874639987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3474547266960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.327488511800766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24140942096710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14403557777404785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83487572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371792","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","level":4,"score":0.9143332242965698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.652266263961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.6314626932144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5626329779624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4617462456226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.4571121037006378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4500964283943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.44499504566192627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.434592068195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178351263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3922399","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","level":3,"score":0.4315776526927948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4228060245513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4192074239253998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36874639987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3474547266960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.327488511800766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24140942096710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14403557777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2018.2824813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-03117867v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-03117867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2018, 7 (5), pp.780-783. ⟨10.1109/LWC.2018.2824813⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504805605","https://openalex.org/W1972973610","https://openalex.org/W2061326122","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2166093255","https://openalex.org/W2167248535","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2184962748","https://openalex.org/W2339369739","https://openalex.org/W2480116075","https://openalex.org/W2553499632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2525607743","https://openalex.org/W2172130312","https://openalex.org/W2100169124","https://openalex.org/W2160133013","https://openalex.org/W2363263113","https://openalex.org/W1556745361","https://openalex.org/W2085933817","https://openalex.org/W2117070194","https://openalex.org/W2102400249","https://openalex.org/W2370730162"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1,73],"classification":[2,159],"(AMC)":[3],"has":[4,119],"been":[5,120],"used":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,35,41,116],"crucial":[9],"component":[10],"to":[11,24,125,152,163,166,178,190],"improve":[12],"the":[13,51,62,72,88,95,98,101,104,132,135,138,147,153,167,169,171,173,176,180,183,192,198],"overall":[14],"performance":[15,102,194],"in":[16,49,61,195],"cognitive":[17],"radio":[18],"system,":[19],"thereby":[20],"allowing":[21],"any":[22],"user":[23],"promote":[25],"secure":[26],"and":[27,75,90,137,143,175],"reliable":[28],"communication.":[29],"In":[30,150],"this":[31],"letter,":[32],"we":[33,161],"propose":[34,162],"semi-blind":[36],"AMC":[37],"approach":[38],"based":[39,130],"on":[40,131],"simplified":[42],"distributed":[43],"space-time":[44],"block":[45],"coding":[46],"(D-STBC)":[47],"scheme,":[48],"which":[50,128],"STBC":[52],"code":[53],"is":[54,106,188],"artificially":[55],"generated":[56],"by":[57,85,123],"availing":[58],"three":[59,109],"nodes":[60],"cooperative":[63],"network.":[64],"The":[65],"proposed":[66],"system":[67],"aims":[68],"at":[69],"distinguishing":[70],"between":[71],"type":[74],"order":[76],"among":[77],"different":[78,110],"M":[79],"-ary":[80],"shift":[81],"keying":[82],"linear":[83],"modulations,":[84],"exploiting":[86],"both":[87],"temporal":[89],"spatial":[91],"signal":[92],"dimensions.":[93],"After":[94],"application":[96],"of":[97,103,134,140,146,182,197],"zero-forcing":[99],"STBC-decoding,":[100],"proposal":[105],"investigated":[107],"using":[108],"machine":[111,186],"learning":[112],"classifiers.":[113],"For":[114],"this,":[115],"comparative":[117],"study":[118],"carried":[121],"out":[122],"resorting":[124],"selected":[126],"features":[127],"were":[129],"combination":[133],"fourth":[136],"sixth-order":[139],"high-order":[141,144],"cumulants":[142],"moments":[145],"D-STBC-decoded":[148],"signal.":[149],"addition,":[151],"usually":[154],"adopted":[155],"receiver":[156],"operating":[157],"characteristics":[158],"metric,":[160],"have":[164],"recourse":[165],"accuracy,":[168],"recall,":[170],"precision,":[172],"specificity,":[174],"F-factor,":[177],"ensure":[179],"impartiality":[181],"comparison.":[184],"Support-vector":[185],"classifier":[187],"shown":[189],"exhibit":[191],"highest":[193],"terms":[196],"whole":[199],"measures.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}