{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537187694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","title":"Low Power Wide Area Network Analysis: Can LoRa Scale?","display_name":"Low Power Wide Area Network Analysis: Can LoRa Scale?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537187694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","mag":"2537187694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.04793","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046029646","display_name":"Orestis Georgiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2303-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Orestis Georgiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664749","display_name":"Usman Raza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-2384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toshiba Telecommunications Research Laboratory, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046029646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.4337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":710,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99944487,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"162","last_page":"165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7447236180305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6890729069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5858649015426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.4653424024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aloha","display_name":"Aloha","score":0.4579642415046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.4292529821395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3500201106071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34359851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33157655596733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.2274101972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18771451711654663}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7447236180305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6890729069709778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5858649015426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.4653424024581909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776398200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508880","display_name":"Aloha","level":4,"score":0.4579642415046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.4292529821395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3500201106071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34359851479530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33157655596733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2274101972579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18771451711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2647247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1610.04793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.04793","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.04793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1610.04793","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1610.04793","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1610.04793","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W631335369","https://openalex.org/W2057751118","https://openalex.org/W2097398761","https://openalex.org/W2215316642","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2243606197","https://openalex.org/W2296421542","https://openalex.org/W2328724333","https://openalex.org/W2464268421","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2576629242","https://openalex.org/W3099114787","https://openalex.org/W6719105667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096989448","https://openalex.org/W3107843154","https://openalex.org/W4366501345","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2394465510","https://openalex.org/W2111125783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"power":[1],"wide":[2],"area":[3],"(LPWA)":[4],"networks":[5,160],"are":[6,100],"making":[7],"spectacular":[8],"progress":[9],"from":[10],"design,":[11],"standardization,":[12],"to":[13,26,40,124],"commercialization.":[14],"At":[15],"this":[16,48,135],"time":[17],"of":[18,23,37,43,60,76,92,98,120,165],"fast-paced":[19],"adoption,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,139],"utmost":[24],"importance":[25],"analyze":[27],"how":[28],"well":[29],"these":[30],"technologies":[31],"will":[32],"scale":[33],"as":[34,102,117],"the":[35,41,58,73,112,118,128],"number":[36,119],"devices":[38],"connected":[39],"Internet":[42],"Things":[44],"inevitably":[45],"grows.":[46],"In":[47],"letter,":[49],"we":[50],"provide":[51],"a":[52,61,66],"stochastic":[53],"geometry":[54],"framework":[55],"for":[56,147,153],"modeling":[57],"performance":[59],"single":[62],"gateway":[63],"LoRa":[64,144,159],"network,":[65],"leading":[67],"LPWA":[68],"technology.":[69],"Our":[70,151],"analysis":[71,164],"formulates":[72],"unique":[74],"peculiarities":[75],"LoRa,":[77],"including":[78],"its":[79],"chirp":[80],"spread-spectrum":[81],"modulation":[82],"technique,":[83],"regulatory":[84],"limitations":[85],"on":[86,95],"radio":[87],"duty":[88],"cycle,":[89],"and":[90],"use":[91],"ALOHA":[93],"protocol":[94],"top,":[96],"all":[97],"which":[99],"not":[101],"common":[103],"in":[104,158],"today's":[105],"commercial":[106],"cellular":[107],"networks.":[108,167],"We":[109,132],"show":[110],"that":[111,134],"coverage":[113],"probability":[114],"drops":[115],"exponentially":[116],"end-devices":[121],"grows":[122],"due":[123],"interfering":[125],"signals":[126],"using":[127],"same":[129],"spreading":[130],"sequence.":[131],"conclude":[133],"fundamental":[136],"limiting":[137],"factor":[138,155],"perhaps":[140],"more":[141],"significant":[142],"toward":[143],"scalability":[145,163],"than":[146],"instance":[148],"spectrum":[149],"restrictions.":[150],"derivations":[152],"co-spreading":[154],"interference":[156],"found":[157],"enables":[161],"rigorous":[162],"such":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":100},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":129},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":111},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":86},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
