{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2555737044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","title":"A Semi-Blind Channel Estimation Algorithm for Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"A Semi-Blind Channel Estimation Algorithm for Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2555737044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","mag":"2555737044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036843142","display_name":"Khushboo Mawatwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khushboo Mawatwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6911-2738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003401112","display_name":"Debarati Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-9836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debarati Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054331314","display_name":"Rajarshi Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-0031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajarshi Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6509,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90257633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"70","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.8786318302154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.6412887573242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6320286989212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5988756418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5897209644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5822699666023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5805782675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5189342498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4913922846317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.47610291838645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4720799922943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.4531736969947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3071686327457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2853075861930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.2339102029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12855440378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.09913986921310425}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.8786318302154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.6412887573242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6320286989212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5988756418228149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5897209644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5822699666023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5805782675743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5189342498779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4913922846317291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.47610291838645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4720799922943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4531736969947815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3071686327457428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2853075861930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.2339102029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12855440378189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.09913986921310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2016.2631535","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W2016892363","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2047459700","https://openalex.org/W2111113050","https://openalex.org/W2145013959","https://openalex.org/W2146281846","https://openalex.org/W2161623414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W2075897667","https://openalex.org/W2907746047","https://openalex.org/W3125536267","https://openalex.org/W2274645452","https://openalex.org/W1556040568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,80],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,91],"propose":[4],"a":[5,114],"semi-blind":[6],"iterative":[7],"space-alternating":[8],"generalized":[9],"expectation":[10],"maximization":[11],"(SAGE)-based":[12],"channel":[13],"estimator":[14,50,78,96],"for":[15,44],"massive":[16],"MIMO":[17],"systems.":[18],"The":[19],"method":[20],"updates":[21],"the":[22,32,35,48,56,68,76,87,94,107],"pilot-based":[23,109],"minimum":[24],"mean":[25],"square":[26],"error":[27],"(MMSE)":[28],"estimate":[29,84],"iteratively":[30],"with":[31],"help":[33],"of":[34,55,67],"SAGE":[36],"algorithm.":[37],"Pilot-based":[38],"estimators":[39,58,112],"require":[40],"additional":[41],"pilot":[42,115],"symbols":[43],"enhancing":[45],"accuracy,":[46],"whereas":[47],"proposed":[49,77,95],"uses":[51],"data":[52],"symbols.":[53],"Several":[54],"existing":[57,108],"assume":[59],"complete":[60],"information":[61],"on":[62],"large":[63],"scale":[64],"fading":[65],"coefficients":[66],"interfering":[69],"cells":[70],"which":[71],"requires":[72],"heavy":[73],"overhead.":[74],"However,":[75],"solves":[79],"problem":[81],"by":[82],"an":[83],"obtained":[85],"from":[86],"received":[88],"samples.":[89],"Further,":[90],"show":[92],"that":[93],"converges":[97],"almost":[98],"in":[99,113],"one":[100],"iteration,":[101],"and":[102,110],"achieves":[103],"appreciable":[104],"improvement":[105],"over":[106],"data-aided":[111],"contaminated":[116],"scenario.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}