{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1619402382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","title":"On the Use of a Direct Radiative Transfer Equation Solver for Path Loss Calculation in Underwater Optical Wireless Channels","display_name":"On the Use of a Direct Radiative Transfer Equation Solver for Path Loss Calculation in Underwater Optical Wireless Channels","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1619402382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","mag":"1619402382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058695999","display_name":"Li Changping","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766772","display_name":"Ki\u2010Hong Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-4277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ki-Hong Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Comput., Electr., & Math. Sci. & Eng. Div., King Abdullah Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Thuwal, Saudi Arabia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058695999"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5647,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90131959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"561","last_page":"564"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.7456574440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.5474569797515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5450440049171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5169369578361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4818907380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4693380892276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4217315912246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.4067549705505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.36935463547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.34305539727211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30135661363601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.27556246519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26196691393852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.24566388130187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2153717279434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09972360730171204}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.7456574440002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5474569797515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5450440049171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5169369578361511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4818907380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4693380892276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4217315912246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4067549705505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.36935463547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.34305539727211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30135661363601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.27556246519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26196691393852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.24566388130187988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2153717279434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09972360730171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2015.2459697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/561183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/561183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571270299","https://openalex.org/W1970300524","https://openalex.org/W2038462676","https://openalex.org/W2064494994","https://openalex.org/W2078927228","https://openalex.org/W2087789897","https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2156199816","https://openalex.org/W2167590781","https://openalex.org/W2282551933","https://openalex.org/W2286788142","https://openalex.org/W2422590774","https://openalex.org/W3022969843","https://openalex.org/W4254346742","https://openalex.org/W6695519832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006251942","https://openalex.org/W2364741597","https://openalex.org/W1492103595","https://openalex.org/W1864774435","https://openalex.org/W946352265","https://openalex.org/W3020787026","https://openalex.org/W2334479858","https://openalex.org/W2799209613","https://openalex.org/W1971388572","https://openalex.org/W1507702947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,79],"propose":[4],"a":[5],"fast":[6],"numerical":[7],"solution":[8],"for":[9],"the":[10,20,32,48,59,71,81,89,95,100,113],"steady":[11],"state":[12],"radiative":[13],"transfer":[14],"equation":[15],"in":[16,36,84],"order":[17],"to":[18,31,46,57,69,86,93],"calculate":[19],"optical":[21,97],"path":[22],"loss":[23],"of":[24,75,106,112],"light":[25],"propagation":[26],"suffering":[27],"from":[28],"attenuation":[29],"due":[30],"absorption":[33],"and":[34,51,104,110,122],"scattering":[35],"various":[37],"water":[38],"types.":[39],"We":[40],"apply":[41],"an":[42,52],"optimal":[43],"non-uniform":[44],"method":[45,56,65],"discretize":[47,58],"angular":[49],"space":[50],"upwind":[53],"type":[54],"finite-difference":[55],"spatial":[60],"space.":[61],"A":[62],"Gauss-Seidel":[63],"iterative":[64],"is":[66],"then":[67],"applied":[68],"solve":[70],"fully":[72],"discretized":[73],"system":[74],"linear":[76],"equations.":[77],"Finally,":[78],"extend":[80],"resulting":[82],"radiance":[83],"two-dimensional":[85],"three-dimensional":[87],"by":[88,118],"azimuthal":[90],"symmetric":[91],"assumption":[92],"compute":[94],"received":[96],"power":[98],"under":[99],"given":[101],"receiver":[102],"aperture":[103],"field":[105],"view.":[107],"The":[108],"accuracy":[109],"efficiency":[111],"proposed":[114],"scheme":[115],"are":[116],"validated":[117],"uniform":[119],"RTE":[120],"solver":[121],"Monte":[123],"Carlo":[124],"simulations.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}