{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7083171730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","title":"A Compact Current-Reusing 6-mW 66\u201392 GHz Frequency Quadrupler With 5% Peak Power Added Efficiency and >36 dBc Harmonic Rejection in 22-nm FDSOI CMOS","display_name":"A Compact Current-Reusing 6-mW 66\u201392 GHz Frequency Quadrupler With 5% Peak Power Added Efficiency and >36 dBc Harmonic Rejection in 22-nm FDSOI CMOS","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7083171730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192596","display_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","issn_l":"2573-9603","issn":["2573-9603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shankkar Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3163-6080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162339","display_name":"Nordic Semiconductor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/05akpxs80","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shankkar Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Development department, Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3163-6080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Development department, Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kristof Vaesen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristof Vaesen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Piet Wambacq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piet Wambacq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-7257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Carsten Wulff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-6658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162339","display_name":"Nordic Semiconductor (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/05akpxs80","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Wulff","raw_affiliation_strings":["IC Development department, Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-6658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IC Development department, Nordic Semiconductor ASA, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162339"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7588,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90954053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"301","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6951000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6951000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.017100000753998756,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.42559999227523804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.6258000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5586000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5263000130653381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5192999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47530001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.44519999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4406000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776908912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16001834","display_name":"Adjacent channel","level":4,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121922863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180805","display_name":"Thyristor","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94105702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777017","display_name":"dBm","level":4,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10513763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331774","display_name":"Fundamental frequency","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106224450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117903","display_name":"Voltage doubler","level":5,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118993495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5042828","display_name":"Electrical efficiency","level":3,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192596","display_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","issn_l":"2573-9603","issn":["2573-9603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lssc.2025.3614381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210192596","display_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","issn_l":"2573-9603","issn":["2573-9603"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8273260593414307}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6087633735","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"321204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322887","funder_display_name":"The Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322887","display_name":"The Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03tcppy59"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606511386","https://openalex.org/W2946117072","https://openalex.org/W3112259883","https://openalex.org/W3141616412","https://openalex.org/W4321484101","https://openalex.org/W4383113597","https://openalex.org/W4385192389","https://openalex.org/W4392745853"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,37,74,112,120,127],"frequency":[4,34],"quadrupler":[5,29,85,110],"with":[6,21,55,86,131],"32%":[7],"fractional":[8],"bandwidth":[9],"(66-92":[10],"GHz)":[11],"and":[12],"5%":[13],"peak":[14],"power-added":[15],"efficiency":[16],"(PAE),":[17],"capable":[18],"of":[19,25,31,78,92,99,115,123,135],"operating":[20],"an":[22,87,132],"input":[23,133],"power":[24,90,122,134],"0":[26,136],"dBm.":[27],"The":[28,60,84,108],"consisting":[30],"two":[32],"cascaded":[33],"doublers":[35],"uses":[36,69],"multi-port":[38],"driven":[39],"push-push":[40,67],"complementary":[41],"architecture":[42,68],"for":[43,51,81],"the":[44,52,65,82,105],"first":[45],"stage":[46],"to":[47,72],"generate":[48],"differential":[49],"signals":[50],"second":[53,61],"doubler":[54,62],"high":[56],"fundamental":[57],"harmonic":[58],"rejection.":[59],"based":[63],"on":[64],"NMOS-based":[66],"gain":[70,77],"enhancement":[71],"achieve":[73],"maximum":[75],"conversion":[76],"-4":[79],"dB":[80],"quadrupler.":[83],"output":[88],"saturation":[89],"(Psat)":[91],"-2.6":[93],"dBm":[94,137],"achieves":[95],"first-to":[96],"third-harmonic":[97],"rejections":[98],"more":[100],"than":[101],"36":[102],"dBc":[103],"across":[104],"3-dB":[106],"bandwidth.":[107],"compact":[109],"has":[111],"core":[113],"area":[114],"0.09":[116],"mm2,":[117],"while":[118],"consuming":[119],"DC":[121],"6.2":[124],"mW":[125],"from":[126],"0.8":[128],"V":[129],"supply":[130],"at":[138],"20":[139],"GHz.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}