{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7083427315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071","title":"Geometry-Aware Appearance Learning for Generalized Gaze Estimation","display_name":"Geometry-Aware Appearance Learning for Generalized Gaze Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7083427315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Siyuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-3354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qida Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qida Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science on Synthetic Vision, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenchao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9300-6572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2322-0538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72421296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"4189","last_page":"4193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.3553999960422516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.3553999960422516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13177","display_name":"Geological and Geophysical Studies","score":0.05090000107884407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7520999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6574000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-modeling","display_name":"Solid modeling","score":0.4124999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7520999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7394000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7318000197410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6574000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6207000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5532000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.45809999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.439300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42649999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108882727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991685","display_name":"Solid modeling","level":2,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.35659998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129641003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267189","display_name":"Active shape model","level":3,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.30550000071525574}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3615071","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7776713182","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010854031","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2237250383","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2593768305","https://openalex.org/W2765629358","https://openalex.org/W2769666294","https://openalex.org/W2804876510","https://openalex.org/W2806037442","https://openalex.org/W2895535699","https://openalex.org/W2921627265","https://openalex.org/W2961516132","https://openalex.org/W2986102820","https://openalex.org/W2998355285","https://openalex.org/W3034591020","https://openalex.org/W3109237728","https://openalex.org/W3136078915","https://openalex.org/W3185469516","https://openalex.org/W3187383522","https://openalex.org/W4312996499","https://openalex.org/W4367662589","https://openalex.org/W4385801423","https://openalex.org/W4395470955","https://openalex.org/W4402967467"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Appearance-based":[0],"gaze":[1,48,100],"estimation":[2,49],"has":[3],"achieved":[4],"remarkable":[5],"progress":[6],"in":[7,25],"recent":[8],"years.":[9],"However,":[10],"the":[11,16,30,35,52,64,79,87,91,98,147,151],"inner":[12],"geometry":[13,82,121],"constraints":[14],"of":[15,34,154],"eye":[17],"and":[18,32,70,90,106,136,142,157],"facial":[19],"areas":[20],"are":[21],"not":[22],"fully":[23],"explored":[24],"existing":[26],"methods,":[27],"which":[28,72,128],"limits":[29],"generalization":[31,161],"robustness":[33],"model.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"letter,":[39],"we":[40,61,85],"propose":[41],"a":[42,124,131],"novel":[43],"end-to-end":[44],"framework":[45],"for":[46],"cross-domain":[47,163],"by":[50],"integrating":[51],"latent":[53],"geometric":[54],"representation":[55,122],"into":[56,123],"an":[57],"appearance-based":[58],"architecture.":[59],"Specifically,":[60],"first":[62],"exploit":[63],"3DMM":[65],"to":[66,96,113,117,130],"fit":[67],"unconstrained":[68],"faces":[69],"eyes,":[71],"would":[73],"generate":[74],"adaptive":[75],"normal":[76,88],"information":[77,95],"with":[78,102],"explicit":[80,119],"3D":[81,99,120],"prior.":[83],"Then":[84],"joint":[86],"map":[89],"corresponding":[92],"RGB":[93],"appearance":[94],"infer":[97],"direction":[101],"carefully-designed":[103],"spatial-frequency":[104],"attention":[105],"local-global":[107],"feature":[108],"interaction":[109],"modules.":[110],"The":[111],"key":[112],"our":[114],"method":[115,149],"is":[116],"integrate":[118],"2D":[125],"learning":[126],"framework,":[127],"leads":[129],"better":[132],"trade-off":[133],"between":[134],"performance":[135],"efficiency.":[137],"Experiments":[138],"on":[139,162],"both":[140],"MPIIGaze":[141],"EyeDiap":[143],"datasets":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"proposed":[148],"achieves":[150],"state-of-the-art":[152],"accuracy":[153],"3.56\u00b0and":[155],"5.10\u00b0separately,":[156],"also":[158],"presents":[159],"competing":[160],"evaluations.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
