{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411336482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319","title":"Frequency Increment Optimization With FDA-MIMO Radar for Target Localization","display_name":"Frequency Increment Optimization With FDA-MIMO Radar for Target Localization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411336482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lan Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9398-1308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101565853","display_name":"Kunkun Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunkun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080648882","display_name":"Jingwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210425","display_name":"Guisheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563150","display_name":"Hing Cheung So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hing Cheung So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-7898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16786721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"2529","last_page":"2533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9241999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6071109771728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5168986320495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4904739558696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.4352089464664459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3529953360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.323911190032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2961868643760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1812913715839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.14991173148155212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6071109771728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5168986320495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4904739558696747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.4352089464664459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3529953360557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.323911190032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2961868643760681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1812913715839386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.14991173148155212}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3580319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2013825065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QTZX23068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2578754504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6804241619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8854801301","display_name":"\u9891\u7387\u5206\u96c6\u9635\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u96f7\u8fbe\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2164137373","https://openalex.org/W3034284943","https://openalex.org/W3208458111","https://openalex.org/W4291910544","https://openalex.org/W4294643313","https://openalex.org/W4307985824","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4382999338","https://openalex.org/W4387245226","https://openalex.org/W4388754419","https://openalex.org/W4391877800","https://openalex.org/W4393184811","https://openalex.org/W4394744042","https://openalex.org/W4399205880","https://openalex.org/W4402474739","https://openalex.org/W4403052645","https://openalex.org/W4404132924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4409439182","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W2052122378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"optimization":[4,79],"approach":[5],"for":[6,18,33,100],"frequency":[7,45,93,106],"increments":[8],"tailored":[9],"to":[10,23,40,137],"Frequency":[11],"Diverse":[12],"Array":[13],"(FDA)-Multiple-Input":[14],"Multiple-Output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"radar":[17],"target":[19,141],"localization.":[20],"We":[21],"start":[22],"formulate":[24],"the":[25,29,44,50,68,74,92,111,116,121,124,139],"problem":[26],"as":[27],"minimizing":[28],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[30],"Bounds":[31],"(CRBs)":[32],"both":[34,67],"range":[35],"and":[36,70,77,119],"angle":[37],"estimation,":[38],"subject":[39],"practical":[41],"constraints":[42],"on":[43],"increments.":[46],"To":[47,72],"facilitate":[48],"optimization,":[49],"objective":[51,126],"function":[52],"is":[53,88,108,128],"mathematically":[54],"transformed,":[55],"which":[56],"results":[57,134],"in":[58],"a":[59,81],"maximization":[60],"problem,":[61,80],"leveraging":[62],"its":[63],"inherent":[64],"non-negativity":[65],"of":[66,143],"numerator":[69],"denominator.":[71],"address":[73],"resultant":[75],"non-convex":[76],"NP-hard":[78],"Minorization-Maximization":[82],"(MM)-Maximum":[83],"Block":[84],"Improvement":[85],"(MBI)":[86],"algorithm":[87],"devised":[89],"by":[90],"partitioning":[91],"increment":[94,107,127],"vector":[95],"into":[96],"distinct":[97],"blocks,":[98],"allowing":[99],"alternating":[101],"maximization.":[102],"In":[103],"particular,":[104],"each":[105,131],"refined":[109],"with":[110],"MM":[112],"algorithm,":[113],"while":[114],"holding":[115],"others":[117],"fixed,":[118],"only":[120],"block":[122],"yielding":[123],"maximum":[125],"updated":[129],"within":[130],"iteration.":[132],"Simulation":[133],"are":[135],"provided":[136],"demonstrate":[138],"excellent":[140],"localization":[142],"our":[144],"proposed":[145],"approach.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
