{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411055138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121","title":"Efficient Classification of Photovoltaic Module Defects in Infrared Images","display_name":"Efficient Classification of Photovoltaic Module Defects in Infrared Images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411055138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039844226","display_name":"Jun\u2010Hyung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Hyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-5209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049515671","display_name":"Goo\u2010Rak Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goo-Rak Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65176503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"2389","last_page":"2393"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9688000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9611999988555908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9143000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6663379669189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.5556839108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5289058089256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4550522267818451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4197882413864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3646608889102936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16681000590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16529697179794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15171334147453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11105448007583618}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6663379669189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.5556839108467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5289058089256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4550522267818451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4197882413864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3646608889102936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16681000590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16529697179794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15171334147453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11105448007583618}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3577121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1966832848","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2895777600","https://openalex.org/W2996290406","https://openalex.org/W3166166117","https://openalex.org/W3183684283","https://openalex.org/W3189075232","https://openalex.org/W3201518019","https://openalex.org/W3209540366","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4220733523","https://openalex.org/W4220830549","https://openalex.org/W4225401189","https://openalex.org/W4226359564","https://openalex.org/W4281252421","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4307449372","https://openalex.org/W4312443924","https://openalex.org/W4312820606","https://openalex.org/W4312977443","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4387449152","https://openalex.org/W4402727337","https://openalex.org/W4402916267","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6760212179","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6800217721","https://openalex.org/W6810615099","https://openalex.org/W6845869590"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photovoltaic":[0],"(PV)":[1],"modules":[2,25,55],"are":[3],"crucial":[4],"components":[5],"in":[6,94,144,176],"solar":[7],"power":[8],"generation,":[9],"where":[10],"their":[11],"efficiency":[12],"and":[13,117,194],"safety":[14],"can":[15,26,140],"be":[16,27],"compromised":[17],"by":[18],"various":[19],"defects.":[20],"Infrared":[21],"images":[22,38,52,93],"of":[23,36,53,85,180],"PV":[24,54,78,96,165,198],"used":[28,103],"to":[29,49,75,100,156],"classify":[30],"these":[31],"defects,":[32],"as":[33,137],"each":[34],"type":[35],"defect":[37],"has":[39],"different":[40],"spatial":[41],"characteristics.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"presents":[45],"a":[46,82,125,191],"novel":[47],"approach":[48],"classifying":[50,177],"infrared":[51],"based":[56],"on":[57,133,163],"the":[58,92,95,101,121,153,164,170],"modern":[59],"convolutional":[60],"neural":[61],"network":[62],"architecture,":[63],"ConvNeXt.":[64],"Many":[65],"previous":[66],"studies":[67],"have":[68],"initialized":[69],"models":[70],"using":[71],"ImageNet":[72,105],"pre-trained":[73],"weights":[74],"deal":[76],"with":[77,182],"module":[79,97,166],"datasets":[80,135],"containing":[81],"small":[83],"number":[84],"training":[86,116],"images.":[87],"However,":[88],"this":[89],"requires":[90],"resizing":[91],"dataset":[98,167],"(24\u00d740)":[99],"size":[102],"for":[104,114,197],"pre-training":[106,127],"(224\u00d7224),":[107],"which":[108],"significantly":[109],"increases":[110],"floating":[111,184],"point":[112,185],"operations":[113,186],"both":[115],"inference.":[118],"To":[119],"address":[120],"problem,":[122],"we":[123],"propose":[124],"task-specific":[126],"procedure":[128],"that":[129,169],"does":[130],"not":[131],"rely":[132],"external":[134],"such":[136],"ImageNet,":[138],"thereby":[139],"avoid":[141],"excessive":[142],"increase":[143],"image":[145],"size.":[146],"We":[147],"also":[148],"introduce":[149],"attention":[150],"mechanisms":[151],"into":[152],"ConvNeXt":[154],"block":[155],"further":[157],"improve":[158],"classification":[159],"performance.":[160],"Experimental":[161],"results":[162],"demonstrate":[168],"proposed":[171],"method":[172],"achieves":[173],"competitive":[174],"performance":[175],"multiple":[178],"types":[179],"defects":[181],"fewer":[183],"than":[187],"conventional":[188],"approaches,":[189],"offering":[190],"computationally":[192],"efficient":[193],"fast":[195],"solution":[196],"plant":[199],"monitoring":[200],"systems.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}