{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407948330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947","title":"Multi-Classification of Linguistic Steganography Driven by Large Language Models","display_name":"Multi-Classification of Linguistic Steganography Driven by Large Language Models","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407948330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440208","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4612-0732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018691489","display_name":"Yihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-8491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630215","display_name":"Yihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750686","display_name":"Ru Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2209-2039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738078","display_name":"Jianyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-4452"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100440208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02318604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":null,"first_page":"1440","last_page":"1444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6943560838699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5818057656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5625893473625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.5278030633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5087423920631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.393629252910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.20312032103538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6943560838699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5818057656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5625893473625183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.5278030633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5087423920631409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.393629252910614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.20312032103538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2025.3545947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7272630985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1875842236","https://openalex.org/W1965997238","https://openalex.org/W2549090310","https://openalex.org/W2618218947","https://openalex.org/W2893556909","https://openalex.org/W2947752314","https://openalex.org/W2990143630","https://openalex.org/W3083445198","https://openalex.org/W3085519426","https://openalex.org/W3131409262","https://openalex.org/W3175755605","https://openalex.org/W3187420508","https://openalex.org/W3213448152","https://openalex.org/W4285189660","https://openalex.org/W4308540852","https://openalex.org/W4323519622","https://openalex.org/W4327808793","https://openalex.org/W4378382632","https://openalex.org/W4382722948","https://openalex.org/W4385222203","https://openalex.org/W4385667121","https://openalex.org/W4387184842","https://openalex.org/W4396665653","https://openalex.org/W4396986833","https://openalex.org/W4399837985","https://openalex.org/W4404316771","https://openalex.org/W4407247191","https://openalex.org/W6637951963","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6796581206","https://openalex.org/W6846002521","https://openalex.org/W6854866820","https://openalex.org/W6858082288"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521839693","https://openalex.org/W2969135852","https://openalex.org/W2188948172","https://openalex.org/W2153696906","https://openalex.org/W38533693","https://openalex.org/W2892069487","https://openalex.org/W2741842698","https://openalex.org/W1760333999","https://openalex.org/W2265739152","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"linguistic":[1],"steganalysis":[2],"(LS),":[3],"the":[4,46,60,81,91,109,118],"fundamental":[5],"requirement":[6],"is":[7,58,65],"to":[8,126],"detect":[9],"steganographic":[10],"text":[11,41],"(stego)":[12],"effectively,":[13],"and":[14,34,98],"existing":[15],"LS":[16,57],"methods":[17],"have":[18],"shown":[19],"excellent":[20],"detection":[21],"performance":[22],"even":[23],"in":[24,39,50,56,95,121,138],"complex":[25],"scenarios.":[26],"However,":[27],"different":[28],"steganography":[29,62,119,137],"employs":[30],"various":[31],"grammatical":[32],"rules":[33],"syntactic":[35],"structures,":[36],"which":[37,64],"result":[38],"distinct":[40],"representations.":[42],"This":[43,88,129],"diversity":[44],"complicates":[45],"identification":[47],"of":[48,93],"stego":[49],"mixed":[51,122],"datasets.":[52],"A":[53],"major":[54],"challenge":[55],"pinpointing":[59],"specific":[61],"used,":[63],"crucial":[66],"for":[67,102,134],"developing":[68],"effective":[69],"extraction":[70],"algorithms.":[71],"Thus,":[72],"this":[73],"paper":[74],"proposes":[75],"a":[76,131],"multi-classification":[77],"method":[78,111],"based":[79],"on":[80],"Large":[82],"Language":[83],"Models":[84],"(LLMs)":[85],"called":[86],"LSMC.":[87],"approach":[89],"utilizes":[90],"strengths":[92],"LLMs":[94],"semantic":[96],"understanding":[97],"contextual":[99],"analysis,":[100],"allowing":[101],"accurate":[103],"classification.":[104],"Experimental":[105],"results":[106],"show":[107],"that":[108],"LSMC":[110],"can":[112],"efficiently":[113],"perform":[114],"multi-classification,":[115],"precisely":[116],"discerning":[117],"used":[120],"datasets":[123],"with":[124],"up":[125],"20":[127],"categories.":[128],"provides":[130],"feasible":[132],"solution":[133],"fully":[135],"deciphering":[136],"subsequent":[139],"stages.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}