{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402626601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350","title":"Image Hiding Based on Compressive Autoencoders and Normalizing Flow","display_name":"Image Hiding Based on Compressive Autoencoders and Normalizing Flow","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402626601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092189967","display_name":"Liang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6205-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085013836","display_name":"Xianquan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-117X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianquan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020240117","display_name":"Chunqiang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-0168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunqiang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087798028","display_name":"Zhenjun Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3664-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjun Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5092189967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.735,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71917081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"2810","last_page":"2814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.934499979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6538930535316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5924577713012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4713822305202484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.4616621136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4459981918334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4348861575126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.4221963584423065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18809637427330017}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6538930535316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5924577713012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4713822305202484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.4616621136665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4459981918334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4348861575126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4221963584423065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18809637427330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3465350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2102674747","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62462006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3415502449","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62162006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3829801794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4363376827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62062013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026463022","https://openalex.org/W2096050104","https://openalex.org/W2808467956","https://openalex.org/W2908542906","https://openalex.org/W2919023666","https://openalex.org/W2952898583","https://openalex.org/W2963001579","https://openalex.org/W2969585684","https://openalex.org/W3046549894","https://openalex.org/W3126687583","https://openalex.org/W3134369321","https://openalex.org/W3142067920","https://openalex.org/W3182074013","https://openalex.org/W4205588087","https://openalex.org/W4214543711","https://openalex.org/W4214919592","https://openalex.org/W4238976768"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170577885","https://openalex.org/W2351909370","https://openalex.org/W2187037044","https://openalex.org/W1562053557","https://openalex.org/W2361587909","https://openalex.org/W2351570851","https://openalex.org/W2172129722","https://openalex.org/W2211324754","https://openalex.org/W2042193908","https://openalex.org/W2371775810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0,80],"hiding":[1,26,38,50,81,160],"aims":[2],"to":[3,107,122],"hide":[4],"the":[5,9,17,69,76,88,115,118,131,148,159,169],"secret":[6,70,132,153],"data":[7],"in":[8,177],"cover":[10,73],"image":[11,25,49,71,74,133,154],"for":[12],"secure":[13],"transmission.":[14],"Recently,":[15],"with":[16],"development":[18],"of":[19,32,56,93,179],"deep":[20,23],"learning,":[21],"some":[22,174],"learning-based":[24],"methods":[27,176],"were":[28],"proposed.":[29],"However,":[30],"most":[31],"them":[33],"do":[34],"not":[35],"achieve":[36,143],"outstanding":[37],"performance":[39],"yet.":[40],"To":[41],"address":[42],"this":[43],"issue,":[44],"we":[45],"propose":[46],"a":[47,108,144],"new":[48],"framework":[51,141,171],"called":[52],"CAE-NF,":[53],"which":[54],"consists":[55],"compressive":[57],"autoencoders":[58],"(CAE)":[59],"and":[60,72,82,90,151,156,161,182],"normalizing":[61],"flow":[62],"(NF).":[63],"Specifically,":[64],"CAE's":[65,137],"encoder":[66],"respectively":[67],"maps":[68,103],"into":[75],"corresponding":[77],"feature":[78,105,124],"vectors.":[79],"recovery":[83,116,162,183],"can":[84,142],"be":[85],"modelled":[86],"as":[87],"forward":[89,112],"backward":[91,128],"processes":[92],"NF":[94,96,102],"since":[95],"is":[97,134],"an":[98],"invertible":[99],"neural":[100],"network.":[101],"two":[104,123],"vectors":[106,125],"stego-image":[109,149],"by":[110,126,136],"its":[111],"process.":[113,129],"On":[114],"side,":[117],"stego-images":[119],"are":[120],"mapped":[121],"NF's":[127],"Finally,":[130],"recovered":[135,152],"decoder.":[138],"The":[139,164],"proposed":[140,170],"good":[145],"trade-off":[146],"between":[147],"quality":[150],"quality,":[155],"meanwhile,":[157],"improve":[158],"performances.":[163],"experimental":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"that":[168],"significantly":[172],"outperforms":[173],"state-of-the-art":[175],"terms":[178],"invisibility,":[180],"security,":[181],"accuracy":[184],"on":[185],"various":[186],"datasets.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}