{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401203332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669","title":"An Efficient Convex-Hull Relaxation Based Algorithm for Multi-User Discrete Passive Beamforming","display_name":"An Efficient Convex-Hull Relaxation Based Algorithm for Multi-User Discrete Passive Beamforming","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401203332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20914","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076437321","display_name":"Wenhai Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2744-0573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhai Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2744-0573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107463698","display_name":"Zheyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-4184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120485","display_name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkmyk67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120485"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-4184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120485","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107464649","display_name":"Yi Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5402-7590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022905256","display_name":"Kaiming Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiming Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-7975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020753840","display_name":"Ya\u2010Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120485","display_name":"Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science","ror":"https://ror.org/02jkmyk67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120485"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-9150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120485","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57307739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"2275","last_page":"2279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-hull","display_name":"Convex hull","score":0.7618967890739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6609586477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.580238938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5594477653503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.49226418137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.45814746618270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3379979729652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28656917810440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12348181009292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09204226732254028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206194317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138624","display_name":"Convex hull","level":3,"score":0.7618967890739441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6609586477279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.580238938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5594477653503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49226418137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.45814746618270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3379979729652405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28656917810440063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12348181009292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09204226732254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3436669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.20914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20914","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.20914","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2407.20914","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.20914","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5041088774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92167202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8515280332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12371314","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8533620077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12288201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401203332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401203332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2039996159","https://openalex.org/W2109005286","https://openalex.org/W2180180824","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3015594231","https://openalex.org/W3044697195","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3083335561","https://openalex.org/W3093874970","https://openalex.org/W3094357447","https://openalex.org/W3096513223","https://openalex.org/W3098752517","https://openalex.org/W3103403858","https://openalex.org/W3132252774","https://openalex.org/W3132406383","https://openalex.org/W3160036209","https://openalex.org/W3195644027","https://openalex.org/W3201313454","https://openalex.org/W4200632050","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4285184471","https://openalex.org/W4313482669","https://openalex.org/W4372183736","https://openalex.org/W4377000476","https://openalex.org/W4387717601","https://openalex.org/W4388901678","https://openalex.org/W4399518847","https://openalex.org/W4401567372","https://openalex.org/W6774773516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2132841313","https://openalex.org/W2727286692","https://openalex.org/W3124036039","https://openalex.org/W1970775648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5,38,84],"emerging":[6],"technology":[7],"to":[8,27,69,75],"enhance":[9],"spatial":[10],"multiplexing":[11],"in":[12,25,37,47],"wireless":[13],"networks.":[14],"This":[15,80],"letter":[16,58,81],"considers":[17],"the":[18,29,48,64,76,95,102,106],"discrete":[19,49,65,78],"passive":[20],"beamforming":[21],"design":[22,44],"for":[23,93],"IRS":[24],"order":[26],"maximize":[28],"minimum":[30],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[31],"ratio":[32],"(SINR)":[33],"among":[34],"multiple":[35],"users":[36],"IRS-assisted":[39],"downlink":[40],"network.":[41],"The":[42],"main":[43],"difficulty":[45],"lies":[46],"phase-shift":[50],"constraint.":[51],"Differing":[52],"from":[53],"most":[54],"existing":[55],"works,":[56],"this":[57],"advocates":[59],"a":[60,70],"convex-hull":[61],"relaxation":[62],"of":[63],"constraints":[66],"which":[67],"leads":[68],"continuous":[71],"reformulated":[72,96],"problem":[73],"equivalent":[74],"original":[77],"problem.":[79,97],"further":[82],"proposes":[83],"efficient":[85],"alternating":[86],"projection/proximal":[87],"gradient":[88],"descent":[89],"and":[90],"ascent":[91],"algorithm":[92,104],"solving":[94],"Simulation":[98],"results":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101],"proposed":[103],"outperforms":[105],"state-of-the-art":[107],"methods":[108],"significantly.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
