{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392939497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127","title":"4DPM: Deepfake Detection With a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Mask","display_name":"4DPM: Deepfake Detection With a Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Mask","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392939497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106670848","display_name":"Rui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-7105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015789129","display_name":"Zhenrong Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-1843"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenrong Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085698418","display_name":"Yushu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8183-8435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100426931","display_name":"Xiaonan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0751-5045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045514825","display_name":"Rushi Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9488-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rushi Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Images and Graphics Intelligent Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106670848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95680913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"914","last_page":"918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9248999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7269010543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854448318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.6779043674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.507914125919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45577386021614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4189450740814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.062042176723480225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7269010543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854448318481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.6779043674468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.507914125919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45577386021614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4189450740814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.062042176723480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3378127","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5239180131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5493155099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6202780103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8742766083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2467604901","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2964227007","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3019200173","https://openalex.org/W3034196597","https://openalex.org/W3034795015","https://openalex.org/W3038930935","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3125803510","https://openalex.org/W3167976421","https://openalex.org/W3188897163","https://openalex.org/W3195059668","https://openalex.org/W4200635057","https://openalex.org/W4214876496","https://openalex.org/W4225966148","https://openalex.org/W4288102863","https://openalex.org/W4292851291","https://openalex.org/W4295046718","https://openalex.org/W4295046748","https://openalex.org/W4311427931","https://openalex.org/W4312350393","https://openalex.org/W4312388562","https://openalex.org/W4312732149","https://openalex.org/W4386071472","https://openalex.org/W4386075856","https://openalex.org/W4386147785","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6679045638","https://openalex.org/W6720208624","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6788990321","https://openalex.org/W6846901831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2588219639","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W3041172967","https://openalex.org/W2749065928","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31],"the":[1,12,23,45,76,83,117,155,161],"face":[2,28,139,145,151,167],"of":[3,26,60,157,163],"increasingly":[4],"realistic":[5],"fake":[6,17,27,90,122,138,144,166],"human":[7,51,62,91,101,123],"faces,":[8],"research":[9],"on":[10,113,134],"enhancing":[11],"differences":[13],"between":[14,47],"real":[15,61,88,120],"and":[16,49,65,85,89,99,121,148],"images":[18,64,93],"is":[19,109],"valuable":[20],"for":[21,75],"improving":[22],"generalization":[24],"capabilities":[25],"detection":[29,168],"models.":[30,169],"this":[32],"letter,":[33],"we":[34,55,80],"propose":[35],"a":[36,57,70,135,142,149],"method":[37],"called":[38],"DPMask":[39,84,158],"(Diffusion":[40],"Probabilistic":[41],"Mask)":[42],"to":[43,68,87,94,115],"amplify":[44],"distinctions":[46],"authentic":[48],"counterfeit":[50,100],"facial":[52,63,92,102],"images.":[53,103],"Specifically,":[54],"use":[56],"dataset":[58,140,146,152],"consisting":[59],"Simplex":[66],"noise":[67],"train":[69],"denoising":[71],"diffusion":[72],"probabilistic":[73],"model":[74,130],"proposed":[77],"DPMask.":[78],"Subsequently,":[79],"separately":[81],"apply":[82],"U-Net":[86],"create":[95],"noticeably":[96],"distinct":[97],"genuine":[98],"A":[104],"lightweight":[105],"classification":[106],"network":[107],"blue":[108],"further":[110],"designed":[111],"based":[112],"RepVGG":[114],"classify":[116],"newly":[118],"generated":[119],"faces.":[124],"Experimental":[125],"results":[126],"demonstrate":[127],"that":[128],"our":[129],"achieves":[131],"high":[132],"accuracy":[133],"manually":[136],"created":[137],"(RFFD),":[141],"GAN-generated":[143],"(Seq-DeepFake),":[147],"DDPM-generated":[150],"(HiFi-IFDL).":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"addition":[156],"significantly":[159],"improves":[160],"performance":[162],"some":[164],"public":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
