{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392823654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264","title":"Specific Emitter Identification Based on Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional Approximate Entropy","display_name":"Specific Emitter Identification Based on Multi-Scale Multi-Dimensional Approximate Entropy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392823654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058873633","display_name":"Muhammad Usama Zahid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-8240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34478861","display_name":"Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n4kqn31","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34478861"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usama Zahid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9530-8240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34478861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035362934","display_name":"Muhammad Danish Nisar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-3162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34478861","display_name":"Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02n4kqn31","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34478861"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Danish Nisar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-3162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sir Syed CASE Institute of Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34478861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080780909","display_name":"Maqsood Hussain Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-0131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maqsood Hussain Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-0131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062969048","display_name":"Syed Aamer Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-6194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Aamer Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0720-6194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058873633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34478861"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9604,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96586295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"850","last_page":"854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9521999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5493488311767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5159550309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.498445987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.47891151905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.44643086194992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.39644598960876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3219240605831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16485020518302917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.11148172616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10326260328292847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5493488311767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5159550309181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.498445987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.47891151905059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44643086194992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.39644598960876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3219240605831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16485020518302917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.11148172616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10326260328292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3375264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068303356","https://openalex.org/W2128592360","https://openalex.org/W2749424833","https://openalex.org/W3003776071","https://openalex.org/W3009085249","https://openalex.org/W3086626272","https://openalex.org/W3099824014","https://openalex.org/W3129433809","https://openalex.org/W3168560243","https://openalex.org/W3179019551","https://openalex.org/W4205870942","https://openalex.org/W4229368658","https://openalex.org/W4307814414","https://openalex.org/W4321597251","https://openalex.org/W4384432070","https://openalex.org/W4385453150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W71732713","https://openalex.org/W2618864341","https://openalex.org/W2180033908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Addressing":[0],"the":[1,32,77,82],"computational":[2],"demands":[3],"and":[4,68],"data":[5],"requirements":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8,76],"deep":[9],"learning":[10],"techniques,":[11],"this":[12],"study":[13],"presents":[14],"a":[15,53],"novel":[16],"Specific":[17],"Emitter":[18],"Identification":[19],"(SEI)":[20],"strategy,":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,31],"Multi-Scale":[24],"Multi-Dimensional":[25],"Approximate":[26],"Entropy":[27],"(MSMD-AE).":[28],"We":[29],"focus":[30],"steady-state":[33],"segment":[34],"of":[35,46,55,85],"received":[36],"signals,":[37],"obtained":[38],"through":[39],"Katz":[40],"Fractal":[41],"Dimension":[42],"(KFD).":[43],"The":[44],"performance":[45,84],"proposed":[47,86],"method":[48],"is":[49],"thoroughly":[50],"evaluated":[51],"across":[52],"range":[54],"SNR":[56],"variations":[57],"for":[58],"two":[59],"distinct":[60],"scenarios,":[61],"involving":[62],"real-world":[63],"Very":[64],"High-Frequency":[65],"(VHF)":[66],"radios":[67],"open-source":[69],"cell":[70],"phone":[71],"datasets.":[72],"A":[73],"comprehensive":[74],"comparison":[75],"most":[78],"relevant":[79],"literature":[80],"exhibits":[81],"superior":[83],"MSMD-AE":[87],"method.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
