{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391807509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113","title":"Enhancing LPI Radar Signal Classification Through Patch-Based Noise Reduction","display_name":"Enhancing LPI Radar Signal Classification Through Patch-Based Noise Reduction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391807509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011517497","display_name":"Junseob Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-5271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junseob Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-5271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056814478","display_name":"Sunghwan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-822X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Military Academy, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103131485","display_name":"Sunil Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6191-8651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327899338","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338","https://openalex.org/I1344042128","https://openalex.org/I2801339556"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defense Acquisition Program Administration, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327899338"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100638528","display_name":"Won Jin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0254-7267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089444","display_name":"GS Caltex (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bvkj141","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089444"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonjin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["LIG Nex1, Pangyo, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LIG Nex1, Pangyo, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027186755","display_name":"Yeongyoon Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeongyoon Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-7055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.458,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92918608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":null,"first_page":"716","last_page":"720"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.7032553553581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6995489597320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.6131168603897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6130508184432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5764183402061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5758882761001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5142735838890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.49896764755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4943268299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49232304096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.4749310612678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.44298145174980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4152109622955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37594854831695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3281376361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2857455313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.23600086569786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.18070974946022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16804006695747375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.7032553553581238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995489597320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.6131168603897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6130508184432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5764183402061462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5758882761001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5142735838890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.49896764755249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4943268299102783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49232304096221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.4749310612678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.44298145174980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4152109622955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37594854831695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3281376361846924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2857455313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.23600086569786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.18070974946022034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16804006695747375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2024.3366113","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5389300841","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KRIT-CT-21-033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","funder_display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334874","display_name":"Defense Acquisition Program Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04bjg9m96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598868193","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2531162019","https://openalex.org/W2586095846","https://openalex.org/W2753687772","https://openalex.org/W2764207251","https://openalex.org/W2781731889","https://openalex.org/W2886334544","https://openalex.org/W2967920509","https://openalex.org/W2973642598","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W2999696229","https://openalex.org/W3011402415","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3164058107","https://openalex.org/W4299908999","https://openalex.org/W4308085475","https://openalex.org/W4312804044","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6743702420","https://openalex.org/W6784333009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385545089","https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W4401575680","https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W2175872006","https://openalex.org/W3005783148","https://openalex.org/W3021143552","https://openalex.org/W2004821155","https://openalex.org/W2292882608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,108],"novel":[4],"patch-based":[5],"noise":[6,66,84],"reduction":[7],"framework":[8],"designed":[9],"to":[10,103],"enhance":[11],"the":[12,28,32,40,44,48,69,81,89,93],"performance":[13,91],"of":[14,17,31,43,92],"Low":[15],"Probability":[16],"Intercept":[18],"(LPI)":[19],"radar":[20],"waveform":[21],"classification.":[22],"The":[23],"proposed":[24,94],"approach":[25],"capitalizes":[26],"on":[27],"unique":[29],"characteristic":[30],"waveform's":[33],"Time-Frequency":[34],"Images":[35],"(TFIs)":[36],"being":[37],"concentrated":[38],"in":[39,71,100],"central":[41],"region":[42],"image.":[45],"By":[46],"partitioning":[47],"noisy":[49,105],"image":[50],"into":[51],"multiple":[52],"patches,":[53],"each":[54],"patch":[55],"is":[56],"independently":[57],"processed":[58],"using":[59],"convolutional":[60],"autoencoders.":[61],"method":[63],"effectively":[64],"eliminates":[65],"and":[67,83],"restores":[68],"signal":[70,82],"low":[72],"Signal-to-Noise":[73],"Ratio":[74],"(SNR)":[75],"environments,":[76],"thus":[77],"mitigating":[78],"interference":[79],"between":[80],"components.":[85],"Simulation":[86],"results":[87],"demonstrate":[88],"superior":[90],"method,":[95],"achieving":[96],"an":[97],"11%":[98],"improvement":[99],"accuracy":[101],"compared":[102],"classifying":[104],"images":[106],"at":[107],"-10dB":[109],"SNR.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}