{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312753781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818","title":"MCL: A Contrastive Learning Method for Multimodal Data Fusion in Violence Detection","display_name":"MCL: A Contrastive Learning Method for Multimodal Data Fusion in Violence Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312753781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104100096","display_name":"Liu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070075808","display_name":"Zhenjie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-5240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5953-5240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012577897","display_name":"Junkun Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junkun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035841372","display_name":"Jun Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-0007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Institute, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-0007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Institute, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9190818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"408","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7882816791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6094744205474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-learning","display_name":"Multimodal learning","score":0.5963197350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5890382528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.58710116147995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.5671618580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5664352178573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5377950668334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5082142353057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4660319685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.42368507385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4137144684791565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7882816791534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6094744205474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780660688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052564","display_name":"Multimodal learning","level":2,"score":0.5963197350502014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5890382528305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.58710116147995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.5671618580818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5664352178573608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5377950668334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5082142353057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4660319685935974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.42368507385253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4137144684791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3227818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2594744562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2003208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8940225946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172451","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952703253","https://openalex.org/W1969914528","https://openalex.org/W2070065978","https://openalex.org/W2105497548","https://openalex.org/W2126412899","https://openalex.org/W2341058432","https://openalex.org/W2526050071","https://openalex.org/W2584561145","https://openalex.org/W2935858441","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963795951","https://openalex.org/W3009561768","https://openalex.org/W3035333188","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3089682612","https://openalex.org/W3107113758","https://openalex.org/W3108655343","https://openalex.org/W3160045550","https://openalex.org/W3160587007","https://openalex.org/W3176157254","https://openalex.org/W3176463841","https://openalex.org/W3196591432","https://openalex.org/W3205872166","https://openalex.org/W4213160977","https://openalex.org/W4287550992","https://openalex.org/W4312639100","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6774670964","https://openalex.org/W6784187948","https://openalex.org/W6797528369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1950940422","https://openalex.org/W4283822356","https://openalex.org/W2129146436","https://openalex.org/W2032507829","https://openalex.org/W2147282173","https://openalex.org/W4283320496","https://openalex.org/W3157841754","https://openalex.org/W4381827277","https://openalex.org/W4390136517","https://openalex.org/W2895918973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multimodal":[0,79],"learning":[1,44,133],"among":[2],"video":[3,15,24,89,101,118],"and":[4,16,22,66,90,119],"audio":[5,17,91,120],"has":[6],"shown":[7],"significant":[8],"performance":[9],"improvement":[10,156],"in":[11,69],"violence":[12,47,94],"detection.":[13,95],"However,":[14],"do":[18,49],"not":[19,50],"contribute":[20],"consistently,":[21],"the":[23,100,104,160],"modality":[25,102],"tends":[26],"to":[27,60,84,98,112,135],"dominate":[28],"when":[29],"determining":[30],"whether":[31],"a":[32,40,78,109,131],"certain":[33],"scene":[34],"contains":[35],"violent":[36],"events.":[37],"In":[38,96],"fact,":[39],"few":[41],"recent":[42],"multimodal":[43,127],"methods":[45],"for":[46,93],"detection":[48],"fully":[51],"consider":[52],"data":[53],"differences":[54],"between":[55],"various":[56],"modalities,":[57],"which":[58],"lead":[59],"optimization":[61],"imbalance":[62],"problem":[63],"during":[64,126],"training,":[65,106],"ultimately":[67],"result":[68],"insufficient":[70],"performance.":[71],"To":[72,122],"address":[73],"this":[74],"issue,":[75],"we":[76,107,129],"propose":[77],"Contrastive":[80],"Learning":[81],"(MCL)":[82],"method":[83],"make":[85],"full":[86],"use":[87],"of":[88,157],"information":[92,124],"specific,":[97],"avoid":[99],"dominating":[103],"model":[105],"design":[108],"multi-encoder":[110],"framework":[111],"perform":[113],"task-driven":[114],"feature":[115],"encoding":[116],"on":[117,144],"respectively.":[121],"reduce":[123],"loss":[125],"fusion,":[128],"introduce":[130],"contrastive":[132],"task":[134],"capture":[136],"semantically":[137],"consistent":[138],"representations.":[139],"We":[140],"conduct":[141],"extensive":[142],"experiments":[143],"XD-Violence":[145],"dataset,":[146],"showing":[147],"that":[148],"our":[149],"proposed":[150],"MCL":[151],"achieves":[152],"an":[153],"average":[154],"precision":[155],"2.34%":[158],"against":[159],"state-of-the-art":[161],"baseline.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}