{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226360258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246","title":"Consistent Sub-Decision Network for Low-Quality Masked Face Recognition","display_name":"Consistent Sub-Decision Network for Low-Quality Masked Face Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226360258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014417853","display_name":"Weisong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-8590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weisong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100632822","display_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-9677"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBSR &amp; NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science and the School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBSR &amp; NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science and the School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014178940","display_name":"Haichao Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-1853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419434","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1630-6058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109299788","display_name":"Zhen Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112150","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/022c3hy66","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210112150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["CBSR &amp; NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science and the School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CBSR &amp; NLPR, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science and the School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112150","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014417853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72320807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"1147","last_page":"1151"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7546510696411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.726447582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5554342865943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5493096113204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5387787222862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4784519672393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.44775527715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.43266117572784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4317914843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.19125685095787048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7546510696411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.726447582244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5554342865943909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5493096113204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5387787222862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4784519672393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.44775527715682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.43266117572784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4317914843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.19125685095787048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2022.3170246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1976224554","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2003111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2201665830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2675208389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872367","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4404956584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4879398371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547562089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572794571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8753755147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502922572","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1975056068","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2403443505","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963216120","https://openalex.org/W2963559058","https://openalex.org/W2963814162","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2989282534","https://openalex.org/W3035739915","https://openalex.org/W3045015561","https://openalex.org/W3080142342","https://openalex.org/W3093367965","https://openalex.org/W3101766778","https://openalex.org/W3115369596","https://openalex.org/W3154704192","https://openalex.org/W3154912261","https://openalex.org/W3155149625","https://openalex.org/W3170632417","https://openalex.org/W3185537204","https://openalex.org/W3191841357","https://openalex.org/W3205621936","https://openalex.org/W3216087007","https://openalex.org/W4210495422","https://openalex.org/W4225679478","https://openalex.org/W4287825176","https://openalex.org/W4312552559","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6781276182","https://openalex.org/W6782102408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2024640171","https://openalex.org/W4220850864","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W2104129514","https://openalex.org/W4283639758","https://openalex.org/W4246863173","https://openalex.org/W2129261353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"COVID-19":[1],"pandemic":[2],"makes":[3],"wearing":[4],"masks":[5,23],"mandatory":[6],"in":[7],"supermarkets,":[8],"pharmacies,":[9],"public":[10,133],"transport,":[11],"etc.":[12],"Existing":[13],"facial":[14,26,57,75],"recognition":[15,136],"systems":[16],"encounter":[17],"severe":[18],"performance":[19],"degradation":[20],"as":[21],"the":[22,87,91,104,112,118,124,130],"occlude":[24],"key":[25],"regions.":[27],"Recently,":[28],"simulation-based":[29],"methods":[30],"are":[31,45],"proposed":[32,125],"to":[33,53,68,73,85,102,116],"generate":[34],"masked":[35,105,134],"faces":[36,93],"from":[37],"unmasked":[38],"faces.":[39],"However,":[40],"among":[41],"simulated":[42],"faces,":[43],"there":[44],"low-quality":[46],"samples":[47],"with":[48],"negative":[49],"occlusion,":[50],"which":[51],"leads":[52],"ambiguous":[54],"or":[55],"absent":[56],"features.":[58],"In":[59,96],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,98],"propose":[63],"a":[64],"consistent":[65],"sub-decision":[66],"network":[67,88],"obtain":[69],"sub-decisions":[70,79],"that":[71,123],"correspond":[72],"different":[74],"regions":[76],"and":[77,141],"constrain":[78],"by":[80],"weighted":[81],"bidirectional":[82],"KL":[83],"divergence":[84],"make":[86],"concentrate":[89],"on":[90,132],"upper":[92],"without":[94],"occlusion.":[95],"addition,":[97],"perform":[99],"knowledge":[100],"distillation":[101],"drive":[103],"face":[106,135],"embeddings":[107],"towards":[108],"an":[109],"approximation":[110],"of":[111],"original":[113],"data":[114],"distribution":[115],"mitigate":[117],"information":[119],"loss.":[120],"Experiments":[121],"show":[122],"method":[126],"performs":[127],"better":[128],"than":[129],"baseline":[131],"datasets,":[137],"i.e.,":[138],"RMFD,":[139],"MFR2,":[140],"MLFW.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
