{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212394122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","title":"A Novel Model for Analyzing the Statistical Properties of Targets\u2019 RCS","display_name":"A Novel Model for Analyzing the Statistical Properties of Targets\u2019 RCS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212394122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","mag":"3212394122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702886","display_name":"Lingzhi Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lingzhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-9372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000799818","display_name":"Guo Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-453X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guo Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-453X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079699142","display_name":"Fucai Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-1420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fucai Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-1420","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111966024","display_name":"Yongze Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongze Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020095072","display_name":"Ke Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-9805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100702886"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96494464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"583","last_page":"586"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7544481754302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.7330007553100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6159871816635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.5786688327789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5675110816955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5202087759971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.432065486907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-detection","display_name":"Radar detection","score":0.41806524991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"Normal distribution","score":0.41150760650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.261735200881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24058303236961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2010466456413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09732687473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0894293487071991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7544481754302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.7330007553100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6159871816635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.5786688327789307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5675110816955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5202087759971619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.432065486907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989048297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930654","display_name":"Radar detection","level":3,"score":0.41806524991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102094743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133871","display_name":"Normal distribution","level":2,"score":0.41150760650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.261735200881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24058303236961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2010466456413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09732687473297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0894293487071991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3125261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4253403700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61903298/61873201/61773016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007259858","https://openalex.org/W2007301419","https://openalex.org/W2073586616","https://openalex.org/W2079801161","https://openalex.org/W2102882097","https://openalex.org/W2129148909","https://openalex.org/W2139422972","https://openalex.org/W2153493391","https://openalex.org/W2156280181","https://openalex.org/W2187746107","https://openalex.org/W2348686482","https://openalex.org/W2365497236","https://openalex.org/W2374119134","https://openalex.org/W2384731650","https://openalex.org/W2396902958","https://openalex.org/W2921680227","https://openalex.org/W2963543535","https://openalex.org/W2969695379","https://openalex.org/W3032636944","https://openalex.org/W3045074774","https://openalex.org/W3087455651","https://openalex.org/W3098832705","https://openalex.org/W3165067305","https://openalex.org/W3167654865","https://openalex.org/W6686860349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165907643","https://openalex.org/W2022672394","https://openalex.org/W2128319214","https://openalex.org/W1927749434","https://openalex.org/W4281553752","https://openalex.org/W129508100","https://openalex.org/W2385820456","https://openalex.org/W653758809","https://openalex.org/W2766035893","https://openalex.org/W2088829607"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,106,166],"statistical":[1,55,63],"distribution":[2,24,48],"of":[3,7,36,57,93,102,139,160,163,173,185],"radar":[4,39,164,174],"cross-section":[5],"(RCS)":[6],"complex":[8],"targets":[9,175],"varies":[10],"for":[11,50,65,155,180],"different":[12,66],"attitude":[13,67],"angles":[14],"and":[15,30,52,70,83,91,117,176],"may":[16],"even":[17],"behave":[18],"as":[19],"a":[20,46],"bimodal":[21],"distribution.":[22],"Classical":[23],"models":[25,78],"are":[26,168],"unable":[27],"to":[28,137],"fully":[29],"accurately":[31],"characterize":[32],"the":[33,54,84,89,103,110,122,130,140,149,157,171,182],"fluctuation":[34,158],"properties":[35,56],"RCS":[37,62,132,162],"in":[38,170],"targets.":[40,165],"In":[41],"this":[42],"letter,":[43],"we":[44,97],"present":[45],"novel":[47],"model":[49,112,144,150],"describing":[51,156],"analyzing":[53],"dynamic":[58,161],"RCS.":[59],"We":[60],"used":[61],"data":[64,133],"angle":[68],"ranges":[69],"performed":[71],"comparative":[72],"analysis":[73],"with":[74],"Gaussian":[75],"mixture":[76],"density":[77],"(GMDM)":[79],"(the":[80],"second-order":[81,123],"GMDM":[82],"third-order":[85,141],"GMDM).":[86],"To":[87],"evaluate":[88],"effectiveness":[90],"performance":[92,128,184],"our":[94,143],"proposed":[95,111],"method,":[96],"calculated":[98],"various":[99],"evaluation":[100],"indicators":[101],"three":[104],"models.":[105],"results":[107],"suggest":[108],"that":[109,138],"has":[113],"better":[114],"fitting":[115,119],"effect":[116],"higher":[118],"accuracy":[120],"than":[121],"GMDM.":[124],"Simultaneously,":[125],"although":[126],"its":[127],"on":[129],"backward":[131],"is":[134],"slightly":[135],"inferior":[136],"GMD,":[142],"requires":[145],"fewer":[146],"parameters.":[147],"So,":[148],"can":[151],"be":[152],"more":[153],"suitable":[154],"characteristics":[159],"findings":[167],"useful":[169],"detection":[172],"provide":[177],"an":[178],"alternative":[179],"improving":[181],"total":[183],"radar.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}