{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203587548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","title":"Multi-Level Difference Repair Architecture for Face Hallucination","display_name":"Multi-Level Difference Repair Architecture for Face Hallucination","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203587548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","mag":"3203587548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101701726","display_name":"Wenxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-0267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084401728","display_name":"Hon\u2010Cheng Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-1417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hon-Cheng Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-1417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101701726"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1942,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50078366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"2048","last_page":"2052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6262487173080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100149750709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-hallucination","display_name":"Face hallucination","score":0.5572729110717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5262512564659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4670756161212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.463728129863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.36298489570617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.355984091758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.2596565783023834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.12049350142478943}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6262487173080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100149750709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54654163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428359","display_name":"Face hallucination","level":5,"score":0.5572729110717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5262512564659119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4670756161212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.463728129863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.36298489570617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.355984091758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.2596565783023834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.12049350142478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3116507","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6355055359","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0016/2019/A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W2014322185","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2154199925","https://openalex.org/W2157494358","https://openalex.org/W2507235960","https://openalex.org/W2520930090","https://openalex.org/W2604439412","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2741976748","https://openalex.org/W2766527293","https://openalex.org/W2780624730","https://openalex.org/W2798691622","https://openalex.org/W2895542678","https://openalex.org/W2899195858","https://openalex.org/W2962720047","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963182372","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963583792","https://openalex.org/W2963676087","https://openalex.org/W2964167901","https://openalex.org/W2964267765","https://openalex.org/W2979639244","https://openalex.org/W2985414621","https://openalex.org/W3009900215","https://openalex.org/W3014210955","https://openalex.org/W3034352949","https://openalex.org/W3034667262","https://openalex.org/W3040726448","https://openalex.org/W3172619439","https://openalex.org/W3174166237","https://openalex.org/W4205467938","https://openalex.org/W4294643831","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6735593745","https://openalex.org/W6745560452","https://openalex.org/W6782791317","https://openalex.org/W6788757213","https://openalex.org/W6795371898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2024640171","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W4220850864","https://openalex.org/W4283639758","https://openalex.org/W4246863173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facial":[0],"hallucination":[1],"(FH)":[2],"aims":[3],"to":[4,75,105,125,133,142],"construct":[5],"super-resolution":[6],"(SR)":[7],"face":[8,174],"images":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"the":[12,40,53,63,88,107,110,118,126,143,152],"corresponding":[13,95],"low-resolution":[14],"(LR)":[15],"thumbnails.":[16],"The":[17,121],"desired":[18],"results":[19],"of":[20,55,62,65],"FH":[21,186],"require":[22],"correct":[23,177],"identity":[24,57],"and":[25,92,117],"photorealistic":[26],"image":[27,113,129,138],"quality,":[28],"however,":[29],"developing":[30],"a":[31,72,84,94,135,147,156,170,176],"method":[32],"that":[33,139,165],"satisfies":[34],"both":[35],"requirements":[36],"remains":[37],"challenging.":[38],"Although":[39],"lifelike":[41],"faces":[42],"predicted":[43],"by":[44,115,184],"some":[45],"existing":[46],"methods,":[47],"such":[48,146],"as":[49],"PULSE,":[50,66],"are":[51],"impressive,":[52],"loss":[54],"original":[56],"is":[58,123,140,149,159,180],"unacceptable.":[59],"In":[60],"view":[61],"deficiency":[64],"in":[67],"this":[68],"letter":[69],"we":[70,82],"incorporate":[71],"conditional":[73,97],"constraint":[74],"its":[76],"unsupervised":[77],"pixel":[78],"recovery":[79],"process.":[80],"Specifically,":[81],"embed":[83],"PULSE":[85,116],"generator":[86],"within":[87],"Laplacian":[89],"pyramid":[90,103],"framework":[91],"install":[93],"pre-trained":[96],"adversarial":[98],"net":[99],"(CGAN)":[100],"at":[101,130],"each":[102,131],"level":[104,132],"predict":[106],"difference":[108,122],"between":[109],"reconstructed":[111,127],"SR":[112,128,137],"obtained":[114,183],"ground":[119,144],"truth.":[120],"added":[124],"obtain":[134,169],"new":[136],"closer":[141],"truth,":[145],"process":[148],"repeated":[150],"across":[151],"subsequent":[153],"levels":[154],"until":[155],"full-resolution":[157],"version":[158],"yielded.":[160],"Extensive":[161],"experiments":[162],"have":[163],"demonstrated":[164],"our":[166],"architecture":[167],"can":[168],"realistic":[171],"high-resolution":[172],"(HR)":[173],"with":[175],"identity,":[178],"which":[179],"not":[181],"possible":[182],"other":[185],"methods":[187],"before.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}