{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198649253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","title":"ENF Detection in Audio Recordings via Multi-Harmonic Combining","display_name":"ENF Detection in Audio Recordings via Multi-Harmonic Combining","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198649253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","mag":"3198649253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102705727","display_name":"Han Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6256-7438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan University, 12390 Wuhan, Hubei, China, (e-mail: liaohan@whu.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan University, 12390 Wuhan, Hubei, China, (e-mail: liaohan@whu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068604294","display_name":"Guang Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic information, Wuhan University, 12390 Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072 (e-mail: ghua@whu.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic information, Wuhan University, 12390 Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072 (e-mail: ghua@whu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003692319","display_name":"Haijian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072 (e-mail: haijian.zhang@whu.edu.cn)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-6563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072 (e-mail: haijian.zhang@whu.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81598565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1808","last_page":"1812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6449002027511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.6118520498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6047376990318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.49038267135620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tone","display_name":"Tone (literature)","score":0.47890177369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4719856381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4620245397090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4470057487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37798139452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.20804500579833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.167962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1174665093421936}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6449002027511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.6118520498275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6047376990318298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.49038267135620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780583480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366327","display_name":"Tone (literature)","level":2,"score":0.47890177369117737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4719856381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4620245397090912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4470057487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37798139452934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.20804500579833984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.167962908744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1174665093421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3109773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4554534897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983338562","https://openalex.org/W2053368314","https://openalex.org/W2063768365","https://openalex.org/W2076751025","https://openalex.org/W2081009539","https://openalex.org/W2262012418","https://openalex.org/W2537036114","https://openalex.org/W2540885409","https://openalex.org/W2559812818","https://openalex.org/W2748063372","https://openalex.org/W2801146085","https://openalex.org/W2803162153","https://openalex.org/W2988559054","https://openalex.org/W3025048286","https://openalex.org/W3043491386","https://openalex.org/W3083437184","https://openalex.org/W3103863992","https://openalex.org/W3104299208","https://openalex.org/W6692593983"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249590934","https://openalex.org/W2383175470","https://openalex.org/W1997780478","https://openalex.org/W4367279921","https://openalex.org/W2969558369","https://openalex.org/W2359093779","https://openalex.org/W2133818029","https://openalex.org/W137962757","https://openalex.org/W3193889081","https://openalex.org/W4316661040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131],"detection":[1,53],"of":[2,109,133],"the":[3,16,28,37,57,67,76,89,101,107,115,122,128,134,148],"electric":[4],"network":[5],"frequency":[6],"(ENF)":[7],"in":[8],"digital":[9],"recordings":[10],"is":[11,97],"an":[12],"essential":[13],"step":[14],"before":[15],"subsequent":[17],"ENF":[18,34,48,65],"extraction":[19],"and":[20,40,143],"forensic":[21],"analysis.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"letter,":[25],"we":[26],"extend":[27],"state-of-the-art":[29],"single-tone":[30],"time-frequency":[31],"(TF)":[32],"domain":[33],"detector":[35,69],"to":[36,64,83,120],"multi-tone":[38],"scenario":[39],"propose":[41],"a":[42,72,93],"multi-harmonic":[43,116],"combining":[44],"(MHC)":[45],"method,":[46],"exploiting":[47],"harmonic":[49,91],"components":[50,59,117],"for":[51],"improved":[52],"performance.":[54],"To":[55],"exclude":[56,84],"corrupted":[58],"interfering":[60,85],"rather":[61],"than":[62],"contributing":[63],"detection,":[66],"proposed":[68,135],"first":[70],"performs":[71],"pre-screening":[73],"based":[74,99],"on":[75,100],"estimated":[77],"average":[78],"subband":[79,111],"signal-to-noise":[80],"ratios":[81],"(SNRs)":[82],"components.":[86],"Then,":[87],"with":[88],"selected":[90],"candidates,":[92],"second":[94],"screening":[95],"process":[96],"applied":[98],"TF":[102],"test":[103],"statistics":[104],"(TSs),":[105],"i.e.,":[106],"variances":[108],"observed":[110],"traces.":[112],"After":[113],"that,":[114],"are":[118,137],"combined":[119],"form":[121],"final":[123,129],"TS,":[124],"whose":[125],"sign":[126],"determines":[127],"decision.":[130],"advantages":[132],"method":[136],"illustrated":[138],"via":[139],"both":[140],"synthetic":[141],"analysis":[142],"real-world":[144],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"using":[147],"ENF-WHU":[149],"dataset.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}