{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186769031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","title":"BRAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow Based on Correlation Blocks","display_name":"BRAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flow Based on Correlation Blocks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186769031","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","mag":"3186769031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101644888","display_name":"Di Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-8109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Di Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437133","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4687-4160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079915822","display_name":"Shunli Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-7209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ShunLi Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018268221","display_name":"TianYu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-6984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TianYu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100414404","display_name":"Ying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-6385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176808543","display_name":"Liaoning Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01n2bd587","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liaoning Technical University, LiaoNing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101644888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176808543"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.345,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83006536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1575","last_page":"1579"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6853471994400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6248831748962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.592411458492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4800873398780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.47002601623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4566984474658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4549405872821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.44609078764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.44533589482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42969322204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40581777691841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40286946296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.30958807468414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.1653667390346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15487873554229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.1485700011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.09685966372489929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6853471994400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6248831748962402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.592411458492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4800873398780823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.47002601623535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4566984474658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4549405872821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.44609078764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44533589482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42969322204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40581777691841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40286946296691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30958807468414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1653667390346527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15487873554229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.1485700011253357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.09685966372489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3099076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2045105101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LJ2020FWL004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3000344968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4322054396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M611252","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8107537680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-ZD-0038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323086","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W303181297","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1513100184","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1578985305","https://openalex.org/W2040369854","https://openalex.org/W2113221323","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2153101587","https://openalex.org/W2156303437","https://openalex.org/W2171857946","https://openalex.org/W2548527721","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2604909019","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2963782415","https://openalex.org/W2964156315","https://openalex.org/W2971143541","https://openalex.org/W2971252756","https://openalex.org/W2977036535","https://openalex.org/W2980116241","https://openalex.org/W3007471652","https://openalex.org/W3013402579","https://openalex.org/W3035552210","https://openalex.org/W3040318838","https://openalex.org/W3087584369","https://openalex.org/W3100280854","https://openalex.org/W3106619925","https://openalex.org/W3109908659","https://openalex.org/W4300124531","https://openalex.org/W6682864246","https://openalex.org/W6737309142","https://openalex.org/W6768009244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W4246352526","https://openalex.org/W2121910908","https://openalex.org/W915438175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,113],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"BRAFT,":[5],"an":[6],"improved":[7],"deep":[8],"network":[9],"architecture":[10],"based":[11,42],"on":[12,43,97],"the":[13,31,36,44,63,70,75,78,85,98,115,123,130],"Recurrent":[14],"All-Pairs":[15],"Field":[16],"Transforms":[17],"(RAFT)":[18],"for":[19,26,61,128],"optical":[20,34],"flow":[21],"estimation.":[22],"BRAFT":[23,118],"extracts":[24],"features":[25],"each":[27],"pixel.":[28],"According":[29],"to":[30,49],"characteristics":[32],"of":[33,133],"flow,":[35],"dense":[37],"visual":[38],"similarity":[39],"is":[40,88,126],"calculated":[41],"strength-weakness":[45],"correlation":[46,55],"in":[47,117],"blocks":[48],"establish":[50],"a":[51,58],"more":[52],"precise":[53],"4D":[54],"volume.":[56],"Using":[57],"single":[59],"dataset":[60],"training,":[62],"proposed":[64,86,124],"method":[65,87,125],"achieves":[66],"better":[67,127],"results":[68,82],"than":[69,95,109],"original":[71],"RAFT.":[72],"We":[73],"consider":[74],"end-point-error":[76],"as":[77],"performance":[79],"measure.":[80],"The":[81],"show":[83],"that":[84],"1.7":[89,103],"<inline-formula":[90,104],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[91,105],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[92,106],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[93,107],"lower":[94,108],"RAFT":[96],"KITTI":[99],"2015":[100],"benchmark,":[101],"and":[102],"MPI":[110],"Sintel":[111],"(final).":[112],"addition,":[114],"errors":[116],"are":[119],"mostly":[120],"small.":[121],"Therefore,":[122],"performing":[129],"edge":[131],"extraction":[132],"moving":[134],"objects.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}