{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179408604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","title":"Unsupervised Learning Strategy for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Network","display_name":"Unsupervised Learning Strategy for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179408604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","mag":"3179408604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/97/9325893/09479761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/97/9325893/09479761.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101588140","display_name":"Ye Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-4650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778377","display_name":"Shuang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-1489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-1489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041551790","display_name":"Minjie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-7053"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["No. 92728 troops, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-7053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"No. 92728 troops, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100931229","display_name":"Naichang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3227-1178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767685","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Effects on Electronics and Information System","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajw921","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575","https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naichang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Complex Electromagnetic Environment Elects on Electronics and Information System, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0501,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94698117,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1450","last_page":"1454"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7071292400360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5027596950531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4992036819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.45995959639549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4155704081058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3826279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3124285936355591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7071292400360107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5027596950531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4992036819458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.45995959639549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4155704081058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3826279640197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3124285936355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/97/9325893/09479761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3096117","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/97/9325893/09479761.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179408604.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3179408604.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W2021794072","https://openalex.org/W2026783525","https://openalex.org/W2035657168","https://openalex.org/W2087441793","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2103519107","https://openalex.org/W2111842831","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2118535806","https://openalex.org/W2118693125","https://openalex.org/W2127989808","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2133834334","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2294649896","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2885219692","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2909890640","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971177999","https://openalex.org/W2978977033","https://openalex.org/W2996722594","https://openalex.org/W3001003127","https://openalex.org/W3009340533","https://openalex.org/W3014801121","https://openalex.org/W3015078117","https://openalex.org/W3017927858","https://openalex.org/W3034325280","https://openalex.org/W3041619073","https://openalex.org/W3046051215","https://openalex.org/W3094320653","https://openalex.org/W3099449105","https://openalex.org/W3100938305","https://openalex.org/W3104742473","https://openalex.org/W3118567358","https://openalex.org/W3154520670","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6694517276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2317200988","https://openalex.org/W2392393536","https://openalex.org/W4382204317","https://openalex.org/W1931937217","https://openalex.org/W2005200408","https://openalex.org/W2100915163","https://openalex.org/W1989343945","https://openalex.org/W2113817303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,23],"proposed":[4,41,59,84],"a":[5,25],"novel":[6,26],"unsupervised":[7],"learning":[8],"strategy":[9],"for":[10,49],"direction-of-arrival":[11],"(DOA)":[12],"estimation":[13,33,95],"network.":[14,34],"Inspired":[15],"by":[16],"the":[17,32,36,40,58,64,69,75,83],"sparse":[18],"power":[19],"spectrum":[20,89],"andl1-norm":[21],"optimization,":[22],"develop":[24],"loss":[27],"function":[28],"to":[29],"cooperate":[30],"with":[31,55],"Unlike":[35],"prior":[37],"DL-based":[38],"methods,":[39,57],"method":[42,60,85],"does":[43],"not":[44],"need":[45],"any":[46],"manual":[47],"annotations":[48],"training":[50],"and":[51,90],"validation":[52],"datasets.":[53],"Compared":[54],"state-of-art":[56],"can":[61,86],"automatically":[62],"increase":[63],"degree":[65],"of":[66,68,78],"freedom":[67],"array":[70,79],"without":[71],"further":[72],"pre-processing":[73],"on":[74],"covariance":[76],"matrix":[77],"observation":[80],"data.":[81],"Moreover,":[82],"obtain":[87],"clear":[88],"precise":[91],"DOAs":[92],"under":[93],"harsh":[94],"environments.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
