{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3180732958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","title":"MACRO: Multi-Attention Convolutional Recurrent Model for Subject-Independent ERP Detection","display_name":"MACRO: Multi-Attention Convolutional Recurrent Model for Subject-Independent ERP Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3180732958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","mag":"3180732958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058995574","display_name":"Zhen Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-9279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6112-9279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035598117","display_name":"Chao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-4239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-4239","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011913434","display_name":"Zixing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-1386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048100508","display_name":"Dengqing Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-9101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengqing Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027437343","display_name":"Xiaojia Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-6231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojia Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1525-6231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85635948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1505","last_page":"1509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.83503657579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8147207498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7141709327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.6425509452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5869672894477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.571300208568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5450549125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5399740934371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4637407064437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.4475546181201935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.41427692770957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3626929521560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.13186481595039368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.83503657579422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8147207498550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7141709327697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.6425509452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5869672894477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.571300208568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5450549125671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5399740934371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4637407064437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.4475546181201935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.41427692770957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3626929521560669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13186481595039368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3095761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1931711766","https://openalex.org/W1975194708","https://openalex.org/W2049950812","https://openalex.org/W2077189121","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2121718139","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2292950415","https://openalex.org/W2559463885","https://openalex.org/W2774049169","https://openalex.org/W2807931652","https://openalex.org/W2896196659","https://openalex.org/W2910175919","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2925836809","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964308564","https://openalex.org/W2986984881","https://openalex.org/W3005195149","https://openalex.org/W3088256290","https://openalex.org/W3089815211","https://openalex.org/W3102455230","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6644091359","https://openalex.org/W6678383149","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2404514746","https://openalex.org/W1978174090","https://openalex.org/W1652783584","https://openalex.org/W2908206593","https://openalex.org/W2917517086","https://openalex.org/W2729514902","https://openalex.org/W2024160000","https://openalex.org/W1990254706","https://openalex.org/W2518599539","https://openalex.org/W4323913936"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,63,74,120,129],"the":[2,53,57,65,69,77,102,107,122,133,137,140],"low":[3],"signal-to-noise":[4],"ratio,":[5],"limited":[6],"training":[7],"samples,":[8],"and":[9,81,127],"large":[10],"inter-subject":[11],"variabilities":[12],"in":[13,52,144],"electroencephalogram":[14],"(EEG)":[15],"signals,":[16],"developing":[17],"a":[18,39,91],"subject-independent":[19,54],"brain-computer":[20],"interface":[21],"(BCI)":[22],"system":[23],"used":[24],"for":[25,46,94,146],"new":[26],"users":[27],"without":[28],"any":[29],"calibration":[30],"is":[31,61,72,118],"still":[32],"challenging.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"letter,":[36],"we":[37],"propose":[38],"novel":[40],"Multi-Attention":[41],"Convolutional":[42],"Recurrent":[43],"mOdel":[44],"(MACRO)":[45],"EEG-based":[47,147],"event-related":[48],"potential":[49],"(ERP)":[50],"detection":[51],"scenario.":[55],"Specifically,":[56],"convolutional":[58],"recurrent":[59],"network":[60],"designed":[62,141],"capture":[64],"spatial-temporal":[66],"features,":[67],"while":[68],"multi-attention":[70,142],"mechanism":[71,143],"integrated":[73],"focus":[75],"on":[76,90],"most":[78],"discriminative":[79],"channels":[80],"temporal":[82],"periods":[83],"of":[84,139],"EEG":[85,125],"signals.":[86],"Comprehensive":[87],"experiments":[88],"conducted":[89],"benchmark":[92],"dataset":[93],"RSVP-based":[95],"BCIs":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98,115],"our":[99,116],"method":[100,117],"achieves":[101],"best":[103],"performance":[104],"compared":[105],"with":[106],"five":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"baseline":[110],"methods.":[111],"This":[112],"result":[113],"indicates":[114],"able":[119],"extract":[121],"underlying":[123],"subject-invariant":[124],"features":[126],"generalize":[128],"unseen":[130],"subjects.":[131],"Finally,":[132],"ablation":[134],"studies":[135],"verify":[136],"effectiveness":[138],"MACRO":[145],"ERP":[148],"detection.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}