{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169075729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","title":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound for DOA Estimation Exploiting Multiple Frequency Pairs","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r-Rao Bound for DOA Estimation Exploiting Multiple Frequency Pairs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169075729","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","mag":"3169075729"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044045636","display_name":"Yibao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-1598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2740-1598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012941237","display_name":"Wei Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-8328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-8328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071959276","display_name":"Qing Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-0442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-0442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062908102","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-2888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088474477","display_name":"Hantian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2304-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hantian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81207739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1210","last_page":"1214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7440160512924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.6565589308738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6056256890296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5895493030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.541449785232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4658558964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.436781108379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3888983726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.3752424418926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.37368297576904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3237815201282501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18913716077804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07051834464073181}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7440160512924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.6565589308738708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6056256890296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5895493030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.541449785232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4658558964729309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.436781108379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3888983726501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.3752424418926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.37368297576904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3237815201282501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18913716077804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07051834464073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3088051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:175153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G497115349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7188442148","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61628101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327514","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1515407204","https://openalex.org/W1589236794","https://openalex.org/W1964901096","https://openalex.org/W1992511687","https://openalex.org/W2003157621","https://openalex.org/W2046039020","https://openalex.org/W2079779935","https://openalex.org/W2085910483","https://openalex.org/W2095578515","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2102882097","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2134474324","https://openalex.org/W2147855704","https://openalex.org/W2149551443","https://openalex.org/W2164390589","https://openalex.org/W2172260182","https://openalex.org/W2208790296","https://openalex.org/W2335128326","https://openalex.org/W2342925881","https://openalex.org/W2346852820","https://openalex.org/W2357400875","https://openalex.org/W2400014994","https://openalex.org/W2412250809","https://openalex.org/W2480635469","https://openalex.org/W2554305184","https://openalex.org/W2560032208","https://openalex.org/W2604460297","https://openalex.org/W2790209414","https://openalex.org/W2799937575","https://openalex.org/W2808559592","https://openalex.org/W2916215870","https://openalex.org/W2942508766","https://openalex.org/W2965003439","https://openalex.org/W2971703324","https://openalex.org/W3003728756","https://openalex.org/W3034793005","https://openalex.org/W3035311577","https://openalex.org/W3035553019","https://openalex.org/W3088245127","https://openalex.org/W3103375182","https://openalex.org/W4256217162","https://openalex.org/W6779750756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479746946","https://openalex.org/W2055757274","https://openalex.org/W2511739151","https://openalex.org/W2143803213","https://openalex.org/W2155014562","https://openalex.org/W2134404114","https://openalex.org/W2585557503","https://openalex.org/W1964936841","https://openalex.org/W2026659681","https://openalex.org/W2185708237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[1],"bound":[2,30],"(CRB)":[3],"for":[4,35,54],"direction":[5],"of":[6,19,58],"arrival":[7],"(DOA)":[8],"estimation":[9,70],"exploiting":[10,63],"both":[11,69],"auto-correlation":[12],"and":[13,51,72],"cross-correlation":[14],"information":[15],"within":[16],"multiple":[17,41,64],"frequencies":[18],"the":[20,32,36,40],"received":[21],"array":[22],"signals":[23],"is":[24,44],"derived.":[25],"It":[26],"provides":[27],"a":[28,55],"tighter":[29],"than":[31,47],"existing":[33],"CRB":[34],"dual-frequency":[37,49],"scenario.":[38],"For":[39],"frequencies,":[42],"it":[43],"much":[45],"lower":[46],"its":[48],"counterpart,":[50],"also":[52],"exists":[53],"greater":[56],"number":[57],"sources,":[59],"thereby":[60],"validating":[61],"that":[62],"frequency":[65],"pairs":[66],"can":[67],"improve":[68],"accuracy":[71],"target":[73],"resolvability.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}