{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3138374147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","title":"Mixup Asymmetric Tri-Training for Heartbeat Classification Under Domain Shift","display_name":"Mixup Asymmetric Tri-Training for Heartbeat Classification Under Domain Shift","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3138374147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","mag":"3138374147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050442","display_name":"Jiawei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3873-8003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045183950","display_name":"Guijin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2131-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guijin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423228","display_name":"Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-6127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030488741","display_name":"Zijian Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-0369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023755254","display_name":"Huazhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108050442"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87717232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"718","last_page":"722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9620000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.80934739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507617473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7224514484405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6588939428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6244111657142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5160303115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.47576969861984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.46436282992362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4150201678276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3907984495162964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.80934739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507617473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7224514484405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6588939428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6244111657142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5160303115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47576969861984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.46436282992362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4150201678276062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3907984495162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3066068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7525281829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1401804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603830301","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1593532658","https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1915489093","https://openalex.org/W1988183757","https://openalex.org/W2060546187","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2100772625","https://openalex.org/W2101331317","https://openalex.org/W2103308415","https://openalex.org/W2108396267","https://openalex.org/W2421735871","https://openalex.org/W2594718649","https://openalex.org/W2765407302","https://openalex.org/W2810123878","https://openalex.org/W2904022596","https://openalex.org/W2952715276","https://openalex.org/W2963399829","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2969771517","https://openalex.org/W2974952570","https://openalex.org/W2996823446","https://openalex.org/W3081529385","https://openalex.org/W3095608938","https://openalex.org/W3095697905","https://openalex.org/W4320406025","https://openalex.org/W6618347045","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6735050833","https://openalex.org/W6745136726","https://openalex.org/W6772045000","https://openalex.org/W6780465074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W1982967776","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W2034075638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,43,74,95,98],"the":[2,45,79,99,104,123,134,138,148],"significant":[3],"variability":[4],"in":[5,51,85,141],"waveforms":[6],"and":[7,103,130,146],"characteristics":[8],"of":[9,48,117,143,150],"ECG":[10],"signals,":[11],"developing":[12],"fully":[13],"automatic":[14],"(i.e.,":[15],"requires":[16],"no":[17],"expert":[18],"assistance)":[19],"heartbeat":[20,49],"classification":[21],"algorithms":[22],"with":[23],"satisfactory":[24],"performance":[25],"on":[26,109,128],"domain-shifted":[27],"data":[28],"remains":[29],"challenging.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"letter,":[33],"we":[34,56],"propose":[35],"a":[36],"novel":[37],"Mixup":[38],"Asymmetric":[39],"Tri-training":[40],"(MIAT)":[41],"method":[42],"improve":[44],"generalization":[46],"ability":[47],"classifiers":[50],"domain":[52,87,101],"shift":[53],"scenarios.":[54],"First,":[55],"develop":[57],"an":[58],"ECG-based":[59],"tri-branch":[60,80],"CNN":[61,81],"model,":[62],"including":[63],"one":[64],"shared":[65],"feature":[66],"encoder":[67],"followed":[68],"by":[69],"three":[70,115],"branch":[71,106],"networks.":[72],"Next,":[73],"obtain":[75],"target-discriminative":[76],"features":[77],"progressively,":[78],"is":[82,107],"trained":[83,108],"asymmetrically":[84],"each":[86,151],"adaptation":[88],"cycle,":[89],"where":[90],"two":[91],"branches":[92],"are":[93,120],"used":[94],"assign":[96],"pseudo-labels":[97],"target":[100,112],"samples":[102],"third":[105],"these":[110],"pseudo-labeled":[111],"samples.":[113],"Moreover,":[114],"kinds":[116],"mixup":[118,152],"regularizations":[119],"incorporated":[121],"into":[122],"training":[124],"process.":[125],"Experimental":[126],"results":[127],"MITDB":[129],"SVDB":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"proposed":[135],"MIAT":[136],"outperforms":[137],"state-of-the-art":[139],"methods":[140],"terms":[142],"F1-macro":[144],"score":[145],"demonstrate":[147],"effectiveness":[149],"regularization.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}