{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131513249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","title":"A New Method to Design Steerable First-Order Differential Beamformers","display_name":"A New Method to Design Steerable First-Order Differential Beamformers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131513249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","mag":"3131513249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074984986","display_name":"Xin Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-8527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056129529","display_name":"Jingdong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-9247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingdong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CIAIC and with the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071376063","display_name":"Jacob Benesty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0036-5865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159129438","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/002rjbv21","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Benesty","raw_affiliation_strings":["INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INRS-EMT, University of Quebec, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159129438","https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074984986"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0665,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75659229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"563","last_page":"567"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10822","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone-array","display_name":"Microphone array","score":0.6477559804916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6197769641876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/main-lobe","display_name":"Main lobe","score":0.6126552820205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.5932613611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.5291203260421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.47420457005500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.46529945731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4464786946773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4374878704547882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4284384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19632238149642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.18972143530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loudspeaker","display_name":"Loudspeaker","score":0.1704109013080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14633259177207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1447257399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.08725830912590027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778806681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907293","display_name":"Microphone array","level":4,"score":0.6477559804916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6197769641876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166923610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673925","display_name":"Main lobe","level":3,"score":0.6126552820205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.5932613611221313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.5291203260421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.47420457005500793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46529945731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4464786946773529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4374878704547882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4284384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19632238149642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.18972143530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157138929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570","display_name":"Loudspeaker","level":2,"score":0.1704109013080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14633259177207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1447257399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.08725830912590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3059533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3909335432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898225171","https://openalex.org/W2002723022","https://openalex.org/W2027548235","https://openalex.org/W2036517443","https://openalex.org/W2098295417","https://openalex.org/W2113250153","https://openalex.org/W2115753404","https://openalex.org/W2121973264","https://openalex.org/W2129501075","https://openalex.org/W2143682216","https://openalex.org/W2155802826","https://openalex.org/W2240718643","https://openalex.org/W2296469955","https://openalex.org/W2325470828","https://openalex.org/W2499048335","https://openalex.org/W2499102192","https://openalex.org/W2600579021","https://openalex.org/W2607391353","https://openalex.org/W2616414642","https://openalex.org/W2766630600","https://openalex.org/W2786297362","https://openalex.org/W2793764893","https://openalex.org/W2804153268","https://openalex.org/W2883874146","https://openalex.org/W2888493610","https://openalex.org/W2968158256","https://openalex.org/W2970058361","https://openalex.org/W2977420549","https://openalex.org/W2981595861","https://openalex.org/W3006097220","https://openalex.org/W3015599456","https://openalex.org/W3023862501","https://openalex.org/W3031202064","https://openalex.org/W3083852361","https://openalex.org/W3104195108","https://openalex.org/W3127686677","https://openalex.org/W3147539069","https://openalex.org/W4236337480","https://openalex.org/W6679329388","https://openalex.org/W6789826613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1879255185","https://openalex.org/W2769861442","https://openalex.org/W2120442551","https://openalex.org/W1980506188","https://openalex.org/W4240587264","https://openalex.org/W2011788874","https://openalex.org/W2900122540","https://openalex.org/W2041060376","https://openalex.org/W2963983801","https://openalex.org/W3119734852"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"First-order":[0],"differential":[1,15],"microphone":[2],"arrays":[3],"(FODMAs),":[4],"which":[5],"combine":[6],"a":[7,13,21,58,72],"small-spacing":[8],"uniform":[9],"linear":[10],"array":[11],"and":[12,28,38,79,102,121,141],"first-order":[14],"beamformer,":[16],"have":[17],"been":[18],"used":[19,104,123],"in":[20,55],"wide":[22],"range":[23],"of":[24,74,149],"applications":[25],"for":[26,136],"sound":[27],"speech":[29],"signal":[30],"acquisition.":[31],"However,":[32],"traditional":[33,100],"FODMAs":[34],"are":[35,143],"not":[36],"steerable":[37,63],"their":[39],"main":[40],"lobe":[41],"can":[42],"only":[43],"be":[44],"at":[45],"the":[46,68,82,87,99,107,111,117,126,133,147,150],"endfire":[47],"directions.":[48],"To":[49],"circumvent":[50],"this":[51,56],"problem,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"letter":[57],"new":[59],"method":[60],"to":[61,98,105,115,124,145],"design":[62,92],"FODMAs.":[64],"We":[65,90],"first":[66],"divide":[67],"target":[69,134],"beampattern":[70,131,135],"into":[71],"sum":[73],"two":[75,93],"sub-beampatterns,":[76],"i.e.,":[77],"cardioid":[78,108],"dipole,":[80],"where":[81],"summation":[83],"is":[84,96,103,113,122],"controlled":[85],"by":[86],"steering":[88,138],"angle.":[89,139],"then":[91],"sub-beamformers,":[94],"one":[95],"similar":[97],"approach":[101],"achieve":[106],"sub-beampattern,":[109],"while":[110],"other":[112],"designed":[114],"filter":[116],"squared":[118],"observation":[119],"signals":[120],"approximate":[125],"dipole":[127],"sub-beampattern.":[128],"The":[129],"overall":[130],"resembles":[132],"any":[137],"Simulations":[140],"experiments":[142],"performed":[144],"justify":[146],"effectiveness":[148],"developed":[151],"method.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}