{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128103512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","title":"Discriminative Ensemble Loss for Deep Neural Network on Classification of Ship-Radiated Noise","display_name":"Discriminative Ensemble Loss for Deep Neural Network on Classification of Ship-Radiated Noise","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128103512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","mag":"3128103512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101627781","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9397-0492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9397-0492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007338500","display_name":"Xiaohong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041094899","display_name":"Muhang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354452","display_name":"Haiyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-8845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101627781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72939524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"449","last_page":"453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.821897029876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.7741501331329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7370651960372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6561185717582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.63661128282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6311354637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.576905369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5218212008476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.48183193802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4559112787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44567185640335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.43480178713798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3655044436454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3385491371154785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.821897029876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.7741501331329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7370651960372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6561185717582703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.63661128282547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6311354637145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.576905369758606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5218212008476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.48183193802833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4559112787246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44567185640335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.43480178713798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3655044436454773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3385491371154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2021.3057539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262987027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671386","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051732561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901385","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8058240876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFC1400204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1869500417","https://openalex.org/W1991830455","https://openalex.org/W2008221602","https://openalex.org/W2036996007","https://openalex.org/W2042274006","https://openalex.org/W2103235956","https://openalex.org/W2144172034","https://openalex.org/W2311523351","https://openalex.org/W2466903746","https://openalex.org/W2509065397","https://openalex.org/W2526855650","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2574404198","https://openalex.org/W2755335499","https://openalex.org/W2780186312","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2792439829","https://openalex.org/W2794574871","https://openalex.org/W2889793054","https://openalex.org/W2905385593","https://openalex.org/W2908485948","https://openalex.org/W2943444713","https://openalex.org/W2944156532","https://openalex.org/W2945070549","https://openalex.org/W2948701775","https://openalex.org/W2963656735","https://openalex.org/W2963696937","https://openalex.org/W2966667571","https://openalex.org/W2969656782","https://openalex.org/W2991642706","https://openalex.org/W2992900246","https://openalex.org/W2998975547","https://openalex.org/W3001957650","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3008707468","https://openalex.org/W3022121429","https://openalex.org/W3027732850","https://openalex.org/W3033043020","https://openalex.org/W3034978746","https://openalex.org/W3036589244","https://openalex.org/W3098357269","https://openalex.org/W3110074314","https://openalex.org/W6681239517","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6747249247","https://openalex.org/W6749328991","https://openalex.org/W6774314701"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2980176872","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W3095152779","https://openalex.org/W3119773509","https://openalex.org/W3128220219","https://openalex.org/W3006353185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,24,32,58,85,89,93,109,117,124,136,141,144,156,160,164,170],"remarkable":[2],"progress":[3],"of":[4,27,31,57,87,143],"deep":[5,45],"learning":[6,47],"on":[7,159],"speech":[8],"recognition":[9],"and":[10,29,92,102,146,163,169],"music":[11],"processing,":[12],"it":[13,65,107],"is":[14],"still":[15],"challenging":[16],"to":[17,23,36,79,105],"classify":[18],"general":[19,52],"audio":[20,53],"signals":[21],"due":[22],"high":[25],"cost":[26],"collection":[28],"annotation":[30],"samples.":[33,152],"The":[34,113],"ability":[35],"learn":[37],"discriminative":[38],"features":[39],"from":[40,68,149],"a":[41,48,98,103,129],"small":[42],"dataset":[43,162],"makes":[44],"metric":[46,100],"promising":[49],"method":[50,115,158],"for":[51,119],"classification.":[54],"However,":[55],"because":[56],"difficulty":[59],"in":[60,128],"mining":[61],"informative":[62],"sample":[63],"pairs,":[64],"usually":[66],"suffers":[67],"slow":[69],"convergence":[70],"or":[71],"even":[72],"poor":[73],"local":[74],"minima.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"letter,":[78],"improve":[80],"classification":[81,137],"performance":[82,138],"by":[83,122,139],"exploiting":[84],"advantages":[86],"both":[88],"weight-based":[90],"loss":[91,101],"metric-based":[94],"loss,":[95],"we":[96,154],"proposed":[97,114,157],"multi-positive":[99],"framework":[104],"joint":[106],"with":[108],"common":[110],"softmax":[111],"loss.":[112],"eliminates":[116],"need":[118],"sub-loss":[120],"weighting":[121],"measuring":[123],"similarity":[125],"between":[126],"samples":[127],"consistent":[130],"probabilistic":[131],"form.":[132],"It":[133],"also":[134],"enhances":[135],"improving":[140],"estimation":[142],"intra-class":[145],"inter-class":[147],"relationships":[148],"multiple":[150],"positive":[151],"Finally,":[153],"evaluated":[155],"ShipsEar":[161],"Ocean":[165],"Networks":[166],"Canada":[167],"dataset,":[168],"results":[171],"verified":[172],"its":[173],"effectiveness.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}