{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3104736546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","title":"Fast and Efficient Facial Expression Recognition Using a Gabor Convolutional Network","display_name":"Fast and Efficient Facial Expression Recognition Using a Gabor Convolutional Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3104736546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","mag":"3104736546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100703115","display_name":"Ping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161995","display_name":"Yulin University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rp1t554","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083468959","display_name":"Bo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-9560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418247","display_name":"Quan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-8604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026243783","display_name":"Jiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161995","display_name":"Yulin University","ror":"https://ror.org/05rp1t554","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100703115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I4210161995"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92416146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":null,"first_page":"1954","last_page":"1958"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.755638062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7437918186187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7090073227882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-filter","display_name":"Gabor filter","score":0.6403200626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5805671215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","score":0.5795084834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5321098566055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5117766261100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.50028395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4877684712409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.485624223947525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-code","display_name":"Convolutional code","score":0.4750642478466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-wavelet","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","score":0.46041423082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.384296178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16382142901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09852871298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.08939602971076965}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.755638062953949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7437918186187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7090073227882385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779883129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447890","display_name":"Gabor filter","level":3,"score":0.6403200626373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5805671215057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.5795084834098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5321098566055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5117766261100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.50028395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4877684712409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.485624223947525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157899210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395022","display_name":"Convolutional code","level":3,"score":0.4750642478466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136902061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16981559","display_name":"Gabor wavelet","level":5,"score":0.46041423082351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.384296178817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16382142901420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09852871298789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.08939602971076965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3031504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1166193582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3927331725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4608637678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61711530248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546411676","https://openalex.org/W1588539311","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2003238582","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2058098602","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2138584058","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2316174917","https://openalex.org/W2318934522","https://openalex.org/W2474193198","https://openalex.org/W2481681431","https://openalex.org/W2486769752","https://openalex.org/W2610691757","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2738672149","https://openalex.org/W2745497104","https://openalex.org/W2766654026","https://openalex.org/W2770735065","https://openalex.org/W2774975055","https://openalex.org/W2787524669","https://openalex.org/W2792062128","https://openalex.org/W2793980118","https://openalex.org/W2798285655","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2805810266","https://openalex.org/W2886300652","https://openalex.org/W2889978276","https://openalex.org/W2896277673","https://openalex.org/W2902916789","https://openalex.org/W2904483377","https://openalex.org/W2944523338","https://openalex.org/W2950965506","https://openalex.org/W2962711746","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2963056148","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963712289","https://openalex.org/W3003720578","https://openalex.org/W3019849343","https://openalex.org/W3035336958","https://openalex.org/W3122081138","https://openalex.org/W3124054989","https://openalex.org/W6632670727","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6747229407","https://openalex.org/W6753926267","https://openalex.org/W6755364507","https://openalex.org/W6764115726","https://openalex.org/W6773972038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070838085","https://openalex.org/W1811332408","https://openalex.org/W2374740620","https://openalex.org/W2495360253","https://openalex.org/W37053142","https://openalex.org/W2518455383","https://openalex.org/W2066448268","https://openalex.org/W2559560477","https://openalex.org/W2009069257","https://openalex.org/W2228937159"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"facial":[1,17,42],"expression":[2],"recognition":[3,125],"(FER)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,86],"fundamental":[7],"topic":[8],"in":[9,56],"computer":[10],"vision.":[11],"Many":[12],"studies":[13],"have":[14],"indicated":[15],"that":[16,119],"emotion":[18],"changes":[19],"are":[20,44,53],"strongly":[21],"related":[22],"to":[23],"certain":[24],"regions":[25],"of":[26,40,93],"interest":[27],"(ROIs),":[28],"such":[29,74],"as":[30],"the":[31,38,109,120],"mouth,":[32],"eyes,":[33],"eyebrows,":[34],"and":[35,68,99,112,127],"nose;":[36],"therefore,":[37],"features":[39],"these":[41],"ROIs":[43],"very":[45,54,129],"important":[46],"for":[47,103],"identifying":[48],"expressions.":[49],"Since":[50],"Gabor":[51,60,66,88,96],"filters":[52,62,71],"efficient":[55],"extracting":[57],"visual":[58],"content,":[59],"orientation":[61],"(GoFs)":[63],"modulated":[64],"by":[65],"kernels":[67],"traditional":[69],"convolutional":[70,80,89,97],"can":[72,136],"capture":[73],"ROI":[75],"information":[76],"better":[77],"than":[78],"conventional":[79],"filters.":[81],"Consequently,":[82],"this":[83],"letter":[84],"presents":[85],"light":[87],"network":[90],"(GCN)":[91],"consisting":[92],"only":[94],"four":[95],"layers":[98,102],"two":[100],"linear":[101],"FER":[104],"tasks.":[105],"Extensive":[106],"experiments":[107],"on":[108],"FER2013,":[110],"FERPlus":[111],"Real-world":[113],"Affective":[114],"Faces":[115],"(RAF)":[116],"databases":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"proposed":[121],"method":[122],"achieves":[123],"good":[124],"accuracy":[126],"requires":[128],"low":[130],"computational":[131],"costs.":[132],"The":[133],"source":[134],"code":[135],"be":[137],"found":[138],"at":[139],"https://github.com/general515/Facial_Expression_Recognition_Using":[140],"_GCN.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
