{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084380363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","title":"Tackling the Cover Source Mismatch Problem in Audio Steganalysis With Unsupervised Domain Adaptation","display_name":"Tackling the Cover Source Mismatch Problem in Audio Steganalysis With Unsupervised Domain Adaptation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084380363","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","mag":"3084380363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012265980","display_name":"Yuzhen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-2054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054666269","display_name":"Rangding Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rangding Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-8705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771361","display_name":"Li Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-8249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016795475","display_name":"Diqun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diqun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-7276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440062","display_name":"Jie Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-9884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I109935558","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-9884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science, and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I109935558"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8909,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73908944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":null,"first_page":"1475","last_page":"1479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.9634162187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminator","display_name":"Discriminator","score":0.8410133123397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.792721152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6662818193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6514343023300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.644018292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5619736909866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4940626919269562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.43154841661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.4127735495567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3798235356807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.13713249564170837}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.9634162187576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779803651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282088","display_name":"Discriminator","level":3,"score":0.8410133123397827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.792721152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6662818193435669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6514343023300171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.644018292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5619736909866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4940626919269562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.43154841661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.4127735495567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3798235356807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.13713249564170837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3022237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G253158607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736215","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2555062271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY17F020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6319201955","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bed\u97f3\u88ab\u52a8\u53d6\u8bc1\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8579077938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901237","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8819878106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LY20F020010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322605","display_name":"Ningbo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03et85d35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W1882958252","https://openalex.org/W2007861216","https://openalex.org/W2030997406","https://openalex.org/W2039365749","https://openalex.org/W2045956438","https://openalex.org/W2063442212","https://openalex.org/W2115403315","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2139334285","https://openalex.org/W2164943005","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2170311913","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2734981382","https://openalex.org/W2789117759","https://openalex.org/W2802024536","https://openalex.org/W2809287426","https://openalex.org/W2809615303","https://openalex.org/W2924675185","https://openalex.org/W2937669703","https://openalex.org/W2937834740","https://openalex.org/W2961527004","https://openalex.org/W2963682422","https://openalex.org/W2963826681","https://openalex.org/W3013691689","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6680667511","https://openalex.org/W6775415968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2930153478","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W4309385482","https://openalex.org/W3154843532","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W2182496537","https://openalex.org/W2792878404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"the":[1,13,18,29,32,41,46,58,68,72,94,106,111,118,125,134,138,154,159],"convolutional":[2],"neural":[3],"network":[4],"(CNN)":[5],"based":[6],"steganalysis":[7,47,65,97],"has":[8],"achieved":[9],"remarkable":[10],"performance":[11],"in":[12],"well-controlled":[14],"lab":[15],"environment.":[16],"However,":[17],"cover":[19],"source":[20],"mismatch":[21],"(CSM)":[22],"problem,":[23],"which":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26],"attributed":[27],"to":[28,56,123,132],"discrepancy":[30],"between":[31,110,137],"training,":[33],"and":[34,82,90,114,127,141],"evaluation":[35],"datasets,":[36],"is":[37,103,121],"still":[38],"one":[39],"of":[40,87,161],"pivotal":[42],"obstacles":[43],"for":[44,66],"adapting":[45],"into":[48,62],"real-world":[49],"applications.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"letter,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"merge":[57],"domain":[59,83,101,107,115,135],"adaptation":[60,102],"strategy":[61],"CNN-based":[63],"audio":[64,162],"handling":[67],"CSM":[69,155],"problem.":[70],"Specifically,":[71],"proposed":[73],"framework":[74],"contains":[75],"three":[76],"components:":[77],"feature":[78,88,112,119],"extractor,":[79,89,113],"steganalytic":[80,91],"classifier,":[81],"discriminator.":[84,116],"The":[85,99,144],"cascade":[86],"classifier":[92],"compose":[93],"typical":[95],"supervised":[96],"model.":[98],"unsupervised":[100],"implemented":[104],"by":[105,158],"adversarial":[108],"training":[109,139],"Ultimately,":[117],"extractor":[120],"trained":[122],"extract":[124],"steganalytic,":[126],"domain-invariant":[128],"features.":[129],"It":[130],"aims":[131],"reduce":[133],"gap":[136],"data,":[140],"testing":[142],"data.":[143],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"our":[149],"approach":[150],"could":[151],"effectively":[152],"mitigate":[153],"impact":[156],"caused":[157],"diversity":[160],"recording":[163],"devices.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
