{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016440669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","title":"Plug-and-Play ISTA Converges With Kernel Denoisers","display_name":"Plug-and-Play ISTA Converges With Kernel Denoisers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016440669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","mag":"3016440669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03145","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062644223","display_name":"Ruturaj G. Gavaskar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-3312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruturaj G. Gavaskar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-3312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045035201","display_name":"Kunal N. Chaudhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-605X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunal N. Chaudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-605X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5456,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96114361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":null,"first_page":"610","last_page":"614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblurring","display_name":"Deblurring","score":0.8975424766540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpainting","display_name":"Inpainting","score":0.6660133004188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5864914059638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5729839205741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5590029954910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.5513090491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.5428322553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4605052173137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.457274466753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4458751678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.399384468793869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3687770366668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2643349766731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.22945594787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22129693627357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.11871922016143799}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053743","display_name":"Deblurring","level":5,"score":0.8975424766540527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11727466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628157","display_name":"Inpainting","level":3,"score":0.6660133004188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5864914059638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5729839205741882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5590029954910278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.5513090491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.5428322553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4605052173137665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.457274466753006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4458751678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.399384468793869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3687770366668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2643349766731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22945594787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22129693627357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.11871922016143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.2986643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.iisc.ac.in:65505","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401429","display_name":"ePrints@IISc (Indian Institute of Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","host_organization_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03145","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03145","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03145","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03145","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03145","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918464","display_name":"ArXiv.org","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1518151893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SB/S3/EECE/281/2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166319341","https://openalex.org/W567999022","https://openalex.org/W1487444668","https://openalex.org/W1998419211","https://openalex.org/W2019569173","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2087416986","https://openalex.org/W2092663520","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2100556411","https://openalex.org/W2100705753","https://openalex.org/W2110505738","https://openalex.org/W2115706991","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2296055064","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2609774865","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2620976957","https://openalex.org/W2765431787","https://openalex.org/W2784344583","https://openalex.org/W2889700716","https://openalex.org/W2889923760","https://openalex.org/W2890592331","https://openalex.org/W2908554698","https://openalex.org/W2943669936","https://openalex.org/W2945291039","https://openalex.org/W2949128855","https://openalex.org/W2949440985","https://openalex.org/W2962840844","https://openalex.org/W2963299521","https://openalex.org/W2963814976","https://openalex.org/W2964215687","https://openalex.org/W2970545380","https://openalex.org/W3102025760","https://openalex.org/W3105425607","https://openalex.org/W4292363360","https://openalex.org/W4301621763","https://openalex.org/W6736931577","https://openalex.org/W6762438721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031788393","https://openalex.org/W791927757","https://openalex.org/W2008686286","https://openalex.org/W2182590612","https://openalex.org/W2066650801","https://openalex.org/W2905397092","https://openalex.org/W3153582293","https://openalex.org/W3207832039","https://openalex.org/W2269775642","https://openalex.org/W3080537281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plug-and-play":[0],"(PnP)":[1],"method":[2],"is":[3,23,59,70,96,128],"a":[4,26,53],"recent":[5,84],"paradigm":[6],"for":[7,48,131,145],"image":[8],"regularization,":[9],"where":[10],"the":[11,35,60,64,68,114],"proximal":[12],"operator":[13],"(associated":[14],"with":[15,25,152],"some":[16],"given":[17],"regularizer)":[18],"in":[19,56,83],"an":[20,75],"iterative":[21],"algorithm":[22,69],"replaced":[24],"powerful":[27],"denoiser.":[28],"Algorithmically,":[29],"this":[30,57],"involves":[31],"repeated":[32],"inversion":[33],"(of":[34],"forward":[36],"model)":[37],"and":[38,139,158],"denoising":[39],"until":[40],"convergence.":[41],"Remarkably,":[42],"PnP":[43,65],"regularization":[44],"produces":[45],"promising":[46],"results":[47],"several":[49],"restoration":[50],"applications.":[51],"However,":[52],"fundamental":[54],"question":[55,79],"regard":[58],"theoretical":[61,150],"convergence":[62,100,125],"of":[63,126],"iterations,":[66],"since":[67],"not":[71,97],"strictly":[72],"derived":[73],"from":[74],"optimization":[76],"framework.":[77],"This":[78],"has":[80],"been":[81],"investigated":[82],"works,":[85],"but":[86],"there":[87],"are":[88,143],"still":[89],"many":[90],"unresolved":[91],"problems.":[92],"For":[93],"example,":[94],"it":[95],"known":[98],"if":[99,104],"can":[101],"be":[102],"guaranteed":[103,130],"we":[105],"use":[106],"generic":[107],"kernel":[108],"denoisers":[109],"(e.g.":[110],"nonlocal":[111],"means)":[112],"within":[113],"ISTA":[115],"framework":[116],"(PnP-ISTA).":[117],"We":[118,147],"prove":[119],"that,":[120],"under":[121],"reasonable":[122],"assumptions,":[123],"fixed-point":[124],"PnP-ISTA":[127],"indeed":[129],"linear":[132],"inverse":[133],"problems":[134],"such":[135],"as":[136],"deblurring,":[137],"inpainting":[138],"superresolution":[140],"(the":[141],"assumptions":[142],"verifiable":[144],"inpainting).":[146],"compare":[148],"our":[149],"findings":[151],"existing":[153],"results,":[154],"validate":[155],"them":[156],"numerically,":[157],"explain":[159],"their":[160],"practical":[161],"relevance.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
