{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2906819419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","title":"Bilateral Angle 2DPCA for Face Recognition","display_name":"Bilateral Angle 2DPCA for Face Recognition","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2906819419","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","mag":"2906819419"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072019950","display_name":"Shuisheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4764-9483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuisheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075761256","display_name":"Danqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1619-3866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072019950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82863352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"317","last_page":"321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6770328879356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.6600003242492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.638929009437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6169089674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5609176754951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5511125326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5443354249000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.542971670627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5349121689796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5343588590621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.5033084750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5018882751464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.48320019245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41765788197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.378462016582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10318005084991455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6770328879356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.6600003242492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.638929009437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6169089674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5609176754951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5511125326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5443354249000549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.542971670627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5349121689796448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5343588590621948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5033084750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5018882751464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48320019245147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41765788197517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.378462016582489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10318005084991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2018.2889925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2771251299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7374606579","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541521713","https://openalex.org/W1992633833","https://openalex.org/W2004915807","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2063457978","https://openalex.org/W2093982715","https://openalex.org/W2102544846","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2135081536","https://openalex.org/W2139392257","https://openalex.org/W2156816522","https://openalex.org/W2166731551","https://openalex.org/W2603651181","https://openalex.org/W2604160250","https://openalex.org/W2699934687","https://openalex.org/W2737074540","https://openalex.org/W4250857377","https://openalex.org/W6680784677","https://openalex.org/W6683366733","https://openalex.org/W6736485867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579148721","https://openalex.org/W4387893611","https://openalex.org/W2347335694","https://openalex.org/W2091056927","https://openalex.org/W2067407580","https://openalex.org/W4317486777","https://openalex.org/W4389669152","https://openalex.org/W2038514069","https://openalex.org/W1967233468","https://openalex.org/W2009181529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-dimensional":[0],"principal":[1],"component":[2],"analysis":[3],"(2DPCA),":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,62,93,106,130],"state-of-the-art":[7],"method":[8],"for":[9,76],"dimensionality":[10],"reduction,":[11],"has":[12,105,163],"been":[13],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"in":[16,38,83,114,178],"face":[17,153],"recognition.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20,27,71,80],"is":[21,35,56,69,145],"very":[22],"sensitive":[23],"to":[24,45,58,116,129],"outliers":[25],"since":[26],"minimizes":[28],"the":[29,51,84,101,110,126,140,161,164,175,183],"sum":[30,52],"of":[31,53,66,186],"squared":[32],"F-norm,":[33],"which":[34,55,104],"least-squares":[36],"loss":[37],"nature.":[39],"Recently,":[40],"angle":[41,67,95,142,169],"2DPCA":[42,68,96,143],"was":[43],"presented":[44],"alleviate":[46],"this":[47,88],"problem":[48,65],"by":[49,99],"minimizing":[50,100],"Fnorm,":[54],"corresponding":[57],"L1":[59],"loss.":[60],"But":[61],"vital":[63],"unresolved":[64],"that":[70,160],"needs":[72],"many":[73],"more":[74],"coefficients":[75],"image":[77,128],"representation":[78,187],"because":[79],"works":[81],"only":[82],"row":[85],"direction.":[86],"In":[87],"letter,":[89],"we":[90,124],"first":[91],"give":[92],"new":[94],"called":[97],"Sin-2DPCA":[98,162],"relative":[102],"error,":[103],"better":[107,118],"explanation":[108],"than":[109],"original":[111,168],"one.":[112],"Furthermore,":[113],"order":[115],"obtain":[117,174],"performance":[119,166,177],"with":[120,156,167,182],"fewer":[121],"reduced":[122],"coefficients,":[123],"project":[125],"input":[127],"lower":[131],"dimension":[132],"from":[133],"right":[134],"and":[135,138,171],"left":[136],"simultaneously,":[137],"then,":[139],"bilateral":[141],"(BA2DPCA)":[144],"proposed.":[146],"The":[147],"experimental":[148],"results":[149],"on":[150],"two":[151],"benchmark":[152],"recognition":[154],"datasets":[155],"outlier":[157],"noises":[158],"illustrate":[159],"similar":[165],"2DPCA,":[170],"BA2DPCA":[172],"can":[173],"highest":[176],"all":[179],"compared":[180],"algorithms":[181],"minimal":[184],"number":[185],"coefficients.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
