{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2588002822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","title":"A Posterior-Based Multistream Formulation for G2P Conversion","display_name":"A Posterior-Based Multistream Formulation for G2P Conversion","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2588002822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","mag":"2588002822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/226626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044443491","display_name":"Marzieh Razavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6332-9661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marzieh Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043551083","display_name":"Mathew Magimai.-Doss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8714-1409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathew Magimai-Doss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02486291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"475","last_page":"479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.756350040435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-probability","display_name":"Posterior probability","score":0.5801497101783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5546902418136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5406567454338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.5351715087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5333511829376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4577940106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"Pronunciation","score":0.448399156332016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme","display_name":"Grapheme","score":0.4381784498691559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4213346540927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4184483289718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.38235968351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27839797735214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.16818171739578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13506409525871277}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.756350040435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57830394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278079","display_name":"Posterior probability","level":3,"score":0.5801497101783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5546902418136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5406567454338074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5351715087890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5333511829376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4577940106391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780844864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184377","display_name":"Pronunciation","level":2,"score":0.448399156332016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.4381784498691559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4213346540927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4184483289718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38235968351364136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27839797735214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.16818171739578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13506409525871277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2017.2671451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120629676","display_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","issn_l":"1070-9908","issn":["1070-9908","1558-2361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Signal Processing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:226626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/226626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:226626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/135523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:226626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/226626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6602136158","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AddG2SU","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321942","funder_display_name":"Hasler Stiftung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321942","display_name":"Hasler Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/04m3t9183"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17875541","https://openalex.org/W120415783","https://openalex.org/W308849112","https://openalex.org/W570535556","https://openalex.org/W1526516369","https://openalex.org/W1534441687","https://openalex.org/W1562736752","https://openalex.org/W1580142630","https://openalex.org/W1584924955","https://openalex.org/W1633051326","https://openalex.org/W1779680350","https://openalex.org/W1949738355","https://openalex.org/W1993882792","https://openalex.org/W2001285045","https://openalex.org/W2050526637","https://openalex.org/W2052998753","https://openalex.org/W2087204158","https://openalex.org/W2090755665","https://openalex.org/W2097497389","https://openalex.org/W2098624096","https://openalex.org/W2103621378","https://openalex.org/W2107223151","https://openalex.org/W2118947254","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2137644731","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2157236054","https://openalex.org/W2168391696","https://openalex.org/W2168513153","https://openalex.org/W2403021744","https://openalex.org/W4299901747","https://openalex.org/W6600719035","https://openalex.org/W6604962579","https://openalex.org/W6616293396","https://openalex.org/W6631295329","https://openalex.org/W6631781866","https://openalex.org/W6635058605","https://openalex.org/W6635229022","https://openalex.org/W6636714616","https://openalex.org/W6638280674","https://openalex.org/W6677499955","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6712800293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060656088","https://openalex.org/W2506515307","https://openalex.org/W4385893898","https://openalex.org/W2183593636","https://openalex.org/W2350724007","https://openalex.org/W2355751417","https://openalex.org/W2000075989","https://openalex.org/W2080578089","https://openalex.org/W4387715848","https://openalex.org/W2179005426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,18],"the":[1,59,85,92,95,103,118,125],"literature,":[2],"a":[3,23],"number":[4],"of":[5,38,40,65,67,69,94],"approaches":[6],"have":[7],"been":[8],"proposed":[9,96],"for":[10,27],"learning":[11,33],"grapheme-to-phoneme":[12],"(G2P)":[13],"relationship":[14],"and":[15,80,111],"inferring":[16,81],"pronunciations.":[17],"this":[19],"letter,":[20],"we":[21],"present":[22],"novel":[24],"multistream":[25,55],"framework":[26,60,123],"G2P":[28,108,114],"conversion,":[29],"where":[30],"various":[31],"machine":[32],"techniques":[34],"providing":[35],"different":[36,63],"estimates":[37,66],"probability":[39,68,77],"phonemes":[41,70],"given":[42,71],"graphemes":[43],"can":[44],"be":[45],"effectively":[46],"combined":[47],"during":[48],"pronunciation":[49],"inference.":[50],"More":[51],"precisely,":[52],"analogous":[53],"to":[54],"automatic":[56],"speech":[57],"recognition,":[58],"involves":[61],"obtaining":[62],"streams":[64],"graphemes,":[72],"combining":[73,99],"them":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76,124],"combination":[78],"rules,":[79],"pronunciations":[82],"by":[83,98,102],"decoding":[84],"probabilities":[86,100],"resulting":[87],"after":[88],"combination.":[89],"We":[90],"demonstrate":[91],"potential":[93],"approach":[97,110,116],"estimated":[101],"state-of-the-art":[104],"conditional":[105],"random":[106],"field-based":[107],"conversion":[109,115],"acoustic":[112],"data-driven":[113],"in":[117],"Kullback-Leibler-divergence-based":[119],"hidden":[120],"Markov":[121],"model":[122],"PhoneBook":[126],"600-word":[127],"task.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}